Hypertension, Vol 12, 600-610, Copyright © 1988 by American Heart Association
M Pagani, V Somers, R Furlan, S Dell'Orto, J Conway, G Baselli, S Cerutti, P Sleight and A Malliani
The adaptive effects of physical training on cardiovascular control
mechanisms were studied in 11 subjects with mild hypertension. In these
subjects we assessed the gain of the heart period-systolic arterial
pressure relationship in the unfit and the fit state by using 1) an open
loop approach, whereby the gain is expressed by the slope of the regression
of heart period as a function of systolic arterial pressure, during a
phenylephrine-induced pressure rise and 2) a closed loop approach with
proper simplification, whereby the gain is expressed by the index alpha,
obtained through simultaneous spectral analysis of the spontaneous
variabilities of heart period and systolic arterial pressure. Both methods
indicated that training significantly increased the gain of the
relationship between heart period and systolic arterial pressure at rest
and reduced arterial pressure and increased heart period significantly.
This gain was drastically reduced during bicycle exercise both in the unfit
and fit state. In a second group of normotensive (n = 7; systolic pressure,
133 +/- 3 mm Hg) and hypertensive (n = 7; systolic pressure, 180 +/- 10 mm
Hg) subjects undergoing 24-hour diagnostic continuous electrocardiographic
and high fidelity arterial pressure monitoring, the index alpha was
significantly reduced in the hypertensive group at rest. Furthermore, when
analyzed continuously over the entire 24-hour period, this index underwent
minute-to-minute changes with lower values during the day and higher values
during the night. We propose the index alpha as a quantitative indicator of
the changes in the gain of baroreceptor mechanisms occurring with physical
training in mild hypertension and during a 24-hour period in ambulatory
subjects.
ARTICLES
Changes in autonomic regulation induced by physical training in mild hypertension
Istituto Ricerche Cardiovascolari (CNR), Ospedale L. Sacco, Universita Milano, Italy.
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K. T. Spencer, K. Collins, C. Korcarz, R. Fentzke, R. M. Lang, and J. M. Leiden Effects of exercise training on LV performance and mortality in a murine model of dilated cardiomyopathy Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2000; 279(1): H210 - H215. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Lucini, R. V. Milani, H. O. Ventura, M. R. Mehra, F. Messerli, and M. Pagani Study of Arterial and Autonomic Effects of Cyclosporine in Humans Hypertension, June 1, 2000; 35(6): 1258 - 1263. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 F. Lombardi and G. Parati An update on: cardiovascular and respiratory changes during sleep in normal and hypertensive subjects Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 2000; 45(1): 200 - 211. [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. V. Pitzalis, F. Massari, C. Forleo, A. Fioretti, R. Colombo, C. Balducci, F. Mastropasqua, and P. Rizzon Respiratory Systolic Pressure Variability During Atrial Fibrillation and Sinus Rhythm Hypertension, November 1, 1999; 34(5): 1060 - 1065. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. W. Braith, M. A. Welsch, M. S. Feigenbaum, H. A. Kluess, and C. J. Pepine Neuroendocrine activation in heart failure is modified by endurance exercise training J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 1, 1999; 34(4): 1170 - 1175. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. M. Krieger, P. C. Brum, and C. E. Negrao State-of-the-Art Lecture : Influence of Exercise Training on Neurogenic Control of Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Hypertension, October 1, 1999; 34(4): 720 - 723. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. ANNANE, F. TRABOLD, T. SHARSHAR, I. JARRIN, A. S. BLANC, J. C. RAPHAEL, and P. GAJDOS Inappropriate Sympathetic Activation at Onset of Septic Shock . A Spectral Analysis Approach Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., August 1, 1999; 160(2): 458 - 465. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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G. Piccirillo, E. Viola, M. Nocco, E. Santagada, M. Durante, C. Bucca, and V. Marigliano Autonomic Modulation and QT Interval Dispersion in Hypertensive Subjects With Anxiety Hypertension, August 1, 1999; 34(2): 242 - 246. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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N. Takahashi, M. Nakagawa, T. Saikawa, T. Ooie, T. Akimitsu, K. Kaneda, M. Hara, T. Iwao, H. Yonemochi, M. Ito, et al. Noninvasive assessment of the cardiac baroreflex: Response to downward tilting and comparison with the phenylephrine method J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 1, 1999; 34(1): 211 - 215. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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W. H Cooke, J. B Hoag, A. A Crossman, T. A Kuusela, K. U O Tahvanainen, and D. L Eckberg Human responses to upright tilt: a window on central autonomic integration J. Physiol., June 1, 1999; 517(2): 617 - 628. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Mancia, G. Parati, P. Castiglioni, and M. di Rienzo Effect of sinoaortic denervation on frequency-domain estimates of baroreflex sensitivity in conscious cats Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 1999; 276(6): H1987 - H1993. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. V. Pitzalis, A. Passantino, F. Massari, C. Forleo, C. Balducci, G. Santoro, F. Mastropasqua, G. Antonelli, and P. Rizzon Diastolic Dysfunction and Baroreflex Sensitivity in Hypertension Hypertension, May 1, 1999; 33(5): 1141 - 1145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. Furlan, G. Jacob, M. Snell, D. Robertson, A. Porta, P. Harris, and R. Mosqueda-Garcia Chronic Orthostatic Intolerance : A Disorder With Discordant Cardiac and Vascular Sympathetic Control Circulation, November 17, 1998; 98(20): 2154 - 2159. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. V. Pitzalis, F. Mastropasqua, F. Massari, A. Passantino, R. Colombo, A. Mannarini, C. Forleo, and P. Rizzon Effect of respiratory rate on the relationships between RR interval and systolic blood pressure fluctuations: a frequency-dependent phenomenon Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 1998; 38(2): 332 - 339. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. V. Pitzalis, F. Mastropasqua, A. Passantino, F. Massari, L. Ligurgo, C. Forleo, C. Balducci, F. Lombardi, and P. Rizzon Comparison Between Noninvasive Indices of Baroreceptor Sensitivity and the Phenylephrine Method in Post–Myocardial Infarction Patients Circulation, April 14, 1998; 97(14): 1362 - 1367. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Dalla Vecchia, A. Mangini, P. Di Biasi, C. Santoli, and A. Malliani Improvement of left ventricular function and cardiovascular neural control after endoventriculoplasty and myocardial revascularization Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 1998; 37(1): 101 - 107. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. Y. H. Chan, C.-D. Shih, and S. H. H. Chan Enhancement of spontaneous baroreflex by antisense c-fos oligonucleotide treatment in the NTS of the rat Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, November 1, 1997; 273(5): H2200 - H2208. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Ponikowski, T. P. Chua, M. Piepoli, D. Ondusova, K. Webb-Peploe, D. Harrington, S. D. Anker, M. Volterrani, R. Colombo, G. Mazzuero, et al. Augmented Peripheral Chemosensitivity as a Potential Input to Baroreflex Impairment and Autonomic Imbalance in Chronic Heart Failure Circulation, October 21, 1997; 96(8): 2586 - 2594. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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P. B. Persson Spectrum analysis of cardiovascular time series Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, October 1, 1997; 273(4): R1201 - R1210. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. Parati, A. Frattola, M. Di Rienzo, P. Castiglioni, and G. Mancia Broadband Spectral Analysis of Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability in Very Elderly Subjects Hypertension, October 1, 1997; 30(4): 803 - 808. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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P. Giannuzzi, P. L. Temporelli, U. Corra, M. Gattone, A. Giordano, L. Tavazzi, and f. t. E. S. Group Attenuation of Unfavorable Remodeling by Exercise Training in Postinfarction Patients With Left Ventricular Dysfunction : Results of the Exercise in Left Ventricular Dysfunction (ELVD) Trial* Circulation, September 16, 1997; 96(6): 1790 - 1797. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 T. G. Robinson, M. James, J. Youde, R. Panerai, and J. Potter Cardiac Baroreceptor Sensitivity Is Impaired After Acute Stroke Stroke, September 1, 1997; 28(9): 1671 - 1676. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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A. P. Blaber, R. L. Bondar, F. Stein, P. T. Dunphy, P. Moradshahi, M. S. Kassam, and R. Freeman Transfer Function Analysis of Cerebral Autoregulation Dynamics in Autonomic Failure Patients Stroke, September 1, 1997; 28(9): 1686 - 1692. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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G. J. J. Silva, P. C. Brum, C. E. Negrao, and E. M. Krieger Acute and Chronic Effects of Exercise on Baroreflexes in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Hypertension, September 1, 1997; 30(3): 714 - 719. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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S. Y. Kim and D. E. Euler Baroreflex Sensitivity Assessed by Complex Demodulation of Cardiovascular Variability Hypertension, May 1, 1997; 29(5): 1119 - 1125. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. Piepoli, P. Sleight, S. Leuzzi, F. Valle, G. Spadacini, C. Passino, J. Johnston, and L. Bernardi Origin of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia in Conscious Humans : An Important Role for Arterial Carotid Baroreceptors Circulation, April 1, 1997; 95(7): 1813 - 1821. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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G. Parati, J. P. Saul, M. Di Rienzo, and G. Mancia Spectral Analysis of Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability in Evaluating Cardiovascular Regulation : A Critical Appraisal Hypertension, June 1, 1995; 25(6): 1276 - 1286. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 V. K. Somers, M. E. Dyken, A. L. Mark, and F. M. Abboud Sympathetic-Nerve Activity during Sleep in Normal Subjects N. Engl. J. Med., February 4, 1993; 328(5): 303 - 307. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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