Hypertension, Vol 14, 177-183, Copyright © 1989 by American Heart Association
EA Anderson, CA Sinkey, WJ Lawton and AL Mark
Reports of elevated plasma catecholamine levels and augmented responses to
autonomic blockade suggest increased sympathetic tone in borderline
hypertension. It is not known if this reflects greater sympathetic neural
outflow. We directly recorded muscle sympathetic nerve activity
(microneurography) in 15 normotensive and 12 borderline hypertensive
age-matched men to determine whether borderline hypertensive individuals
have elevated sympathetic nerve activity. Supine heart rate, blood
pressure, plasma norepinephrine, and efferent muscle sympathetic nerve
activity (peroneal nerve) were measured after 6 days of both low and high
dietary sodium intake (10 and 400 meq sodium/24 hr). Sympathetic nerve
activity was elevated significantly in borderline hypertensive individuals
on both low (37 +/- 1 in borderline hypertensive individuals vs. 29 +/- 1
bursts/min in normotensive individuals; p less than 0.01) and high (25 + 1
in borderline hypertensive individuals vs. 16 +/- 1 bursts/min in
normotensive individuals; p less than 0.01) sodium diets. The borderline
hypertensive group had higher systolic (p less than 0.01) and diastolic (p
less than 0.05) blood pressures independent of sodium intake. Across both
groups, high sodium intake reduced muscle sympathetic nerve activity (p
less than 0.001), plasma norepinephrine (p less than 0.001), diastolic
blood pressure (p less than 0.02), heart rate (p less than 0.002), and
increased weight (p less than 0.005). A significant (p less than 0.05)
group-by-diet interaction was observed for plasma norepinephrine levels.
Specifically, compared with the normotensive group, plasma norepinephrine
levels in the borderline hypertensive group tended to be higher on low
sodium diet (p = 0.08) and lower on high sodium diet (p = 0.23).(ABSTRACT
TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ARTICLES
Elevated sympathetic nerve activity in borderline hypertensive humans. Evidence from direct intraneural recordings
Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City.
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S. W. Coppack, J. F. Horowitz, D. S. Paramore, P. E. Cryer, H. D. Royal, and S. Klein Whole body, adipose tissue, and forearm norepinephrine kinetics in lean and obese women Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, November 1, 1998; 275(5): E830 - E834. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. J. Jones, G. Dunphy, A. Milsted, and D. Ely Testosterone Effects on Renal Norepinephrine Content and Release in Rats With Different Y Chromosomes Hypertension, November 1, 1998; 32(5): 880 - 885. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Narkiewicz, N. Montano, C. Cogliati, P. J. H. van de Borne, M. E. Dyken, and V. K. Somers Altered Cardiovascular Variability in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Circulation, September 15, 1998; 98(11): 1071 - 1077. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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K. Narkiewicz, P. J.H. van de Borne, M. Hausberg, R. L. Cooley, M. D. Winniford, D. E. Davison, and V. K. Somers Cigarette Smoking Increases Sympathetic Outflow in Humans Circulation, August 11, 1998; 98(6): 528 - 534. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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H. Laine, M. J. Knuuti, U. Ruotsalainen, T. Utriainen, V. Oikonen, M. Raitakari, M. Luotolahti, O. Kirvela, P. Vicini, C. Cobelli, et al. Preserved Relative Dispersion but Blunted Stimulation of Mean Flow, Absolute Dispersion, and Blood Volume by Insulin in Skeletal Muscle of Patients With Essential Hypertension Circulation, June 2, 1998; 97(21): 2146 - 2153. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Nakata, S. Takata, T. Yuasa, A. Shimakura, M. Maruyama, H. Nagai, S. Sakagami, and K.-I. Kobayashi Spectral analysis of heart rate, arterial pressure, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity in normal humans Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 1998; 274(4): H1211 - H1217. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. Cardillo, C. M. Kilcoyne, A. A. Quyyumi, R. O. Cannon III, and J. A. Panza Selective Defect in Nitric Oxide Synthesis May Explain the Impaired Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation in Patients With Essential Hypertension Circulation, March 10, 1998; 97(9): 851 - 856. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 T. Mizushima, F. Tajima, T. Nakamura, M. Yamamoto, K.-H. Lee, and H. Ogata Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity During Cold Pressor Test in Patients With Cerebrovascular Accidents Stroke, March 1, 1998; 29(3): 607 - 612. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. B. Harrap, R. Fraser, G. C. Inglis, A. F. Lever, G. H. Beastall, M. H. Dominiczak, C. J. W. Foy, and G. C. M. Watt Abnormal Epinephrine Release in Young Adults With High Personal and High Parental Blood Pressures Circulation, July 15, 1997; 96(2): 556 - 561. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 D.-J. Choi, W. J. Koch, J. J. Hunter, and H. A. Rockman Mechanism of beta -Adrenergic Receptor Desensitization in Cardiac Hypertrophy Is Increased beta -Adrenergic Receptor Kinase J. Biol. Chem., July 4, 1997; 272(27): 17223 - 17229. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Sander, J. Hansen, and R. G. Victor The Sympathetic Nervous System Is Involved in the Maintenance but Not Initiation of the Hypertension Induced by N{omega}-Nitro-L-Arginine Methyl Ester Hypertension, July 1, 1997; 30(1): 64 - 70. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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A. Elhendy, R. T. van Domburg, J. R. T. C. Roelandt, M. L. Geleijnse, M. M. Ibrahim, and P. M. Fioretti Safety and Feasibility of Dobutamine-Atropine Stress Testing in Hypertensive Patients Hypertension, June 1, 1997; 29(6): 1232 - 1239. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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P. van de Borne, A. L. Mark, N. Montano, D. Mion, and V. K. Somers Effects of Alcohol on Sympathetic Activity, Hemodynamics, and Chemoreflex Sensitivity Hypertension, June 1, 1997; 29(6): 1278 - 1283. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M.-C. Jacobs, J. W. M. Lenders, J. J. Willemsen, and T. Thien Adrenomedullary Secretion of Epinephrine Is Increased in Mild Essential Hypertension Hypertension, June 1, 1997; 29(6): 1303 - 1308. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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G. Noll, R. R. Wenzel, S. de Marchi, S. Shaw, and T. F. Luscher Differential Effects of Captopril and Nitrates on Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Volunteers Circulation, May 6, 1997; 95(9): 2286 - 2292. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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P. van de Borne, N. Montano, M. Pagani, R. Oren, and V. K. Somers Absence of Low-Frequency Variability of Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Severe Heart Failure Circulation, March 18, 1997; 95(6): 1449 - 1454. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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S. Fujii, K. Kameyama, M. Hosono, Y. Hayashi, and K. Kitamura Effect of Cilnidipine, a Novel Dihydropyridine Ca++-channel antagonist, on N-type Ca++ Channel in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., March 1, 1997; 280(3): 1184 - 1191. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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G. Grassi, B. M. Cattaneo, G. Seravalle, A. Lanfranchi, G. Bolla, and G. Mancia Baroreflex Impairment by Low Sodium Diet in Mild or Moderate Essential Hypertension Hypertension, March 1, 1997; 29(3): 802 - 807. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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D. Ely, A. Caplea, G. Dunphy, H. Daneshvar, M. Turner, A. Milsted, and M. Takiyyuddin Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Y Chromosome Increases Indexes of Sympathetic Nervous System Activity Hypertension, February 1, 1997; 29(2): 613 - 618. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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A. Georgiades, C. Lemne, U. de Faire, K. Lindvall, and M. Fredrikson Stress-Induced Laboratory Blood Pressure in Relation to Ambulatory Blood Pressure and Left Ventricular Mass Among Borderline Hypertensive and Normotensive Individuals Hypertension, October 1, 1996; 28(4): 641 - 646. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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P. van de Borne, R. Oren, E. A. Anderson, A. L. Mark, and V. K. Somers Tonic Chemoreflex Activation Does Not Contribute to Elevated Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Heart Failure Circulation, September 15, 1996; 94(6): 1325 - 1328. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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G. Noll, R. R. Wenzel, M. Schneider, V. Oesch, C. Binggeli, S. Shaw, P. Weidmann, and T. F. Luscher Increased Activation of Sympathetic Nervous System and Endothelin by Mental Stress in Normotensive Offspring of Hypertensive Parents Circulation, March 1, 1996; 93(5): 866 - 869. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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K. Kumagai, H. Suzuki, M. Ichikawa, M. Jimbo, M. Nishizawa, M. Ryuzaki, and T. Saruta Comparison of Early and Late Start of Antihypertensive Agents and Baroreceptor Reflexes Hypertension, February 1, 1996; 27(2): 209 - 218. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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S. Gudbjornsdottir, P. Lonnroth, Y. B. Sverrisdottir, B. G. Wallin, and M. Elam Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Insulin in Obese Normotensive and Hypertensive Men Hypertension, February 1, 1996; 27(2): 276 - 280. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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V. L. Brooks Chronic Infusion of Angiotensin II Resets Baroreflex Control of Heart Rate by an Arterial Pressure–Independent Mechanism Hypertension, September 1, 1995; 26(3): 420 - 424. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. Ming, J. Wu, S. Lachance, A. Delalandre, S. Carriere, and J. S. D. Chan ß-Adrenergic Receptors and Angiotensinogen Gene Expression in Mouse Hepatoma Cells In Vitro Hypertension, January 1, 1995; 25(1): 105 - 109. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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