Hypertension, Vol 17, 141-150, Copyright © 1991 by American Heart Association
RM Lee, KH Berecek, J Tsoporis, R McKenzie and CR Triggle
Treatment of female spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and control
Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats with captopril was carried out by the addition of
the drug in the drinking water throughout pregnancy and lactation and after
weaning. At 28 weeks of age, average systolic blood pressure of treated SHR
was 113 +/- 3 mm Hg, which was below that of control SHR (188 +/- 3 mm Hg)
and WKY rats (124 +/- 3 mm Hg). Body weight and heart rate of the SHR were
not affected by the treatment. Tissue level of catecholamines was increased
by captopril treatment in the superior cervical ganglia but remained
unchanged in the plasma, heart, mesenteric arteries, and the adrenal glands
of both SHR and WKY rats. Left ventricular weight, wall thickness, and
internal diameter of the left ventricle in the SHR were reduced by the
treatment. Morphometric measurements of the mesenteric arteries showed that
vascular alterations present in the control SHR were prevented by the
treatment. In the superior mesenteric artery and large mesenteric artery,
smaller lumen size at maximal relaxation found in the control SHR was
normalized to the level of the WKY rats. Hypertrophy of the medial wall in
the superior mesenteric, large and small mesenteric arteries, and an
increase in the number of smooth muscle cell layers in the large mesenteric
artery of the SHR were prevented by the treatment. Perfusion study of the
mesenteric vascular bed showed that reactivity of these vessels to
norepinephrine was reduced, and sensitivity to norepinephrine (as
determined by the effective dose that causes 50% of maximal response) was
increased in the SHR by captopril treatment. Sensitivity of the tail artery
in response to norepinephrine was not altered by the treatment. We conclude
that long-term treatment with captopril of SHR before and after birth
prevented the development of hypertension, structural and functional
alterations of the mesenteric arteries, and cardiac hypertrophy.
ARTICLES
Prevention of hypertension and vascular changes by captopril treatment
Department of Anaesthesia, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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