Hypertension, Vol 17, 323-330, Copyright © 1991 by American Heart Association
GW Schmid-Schonbein, D Seiffge, FA DeLano, K Shen and BW Zweifach
The etiology for the progressive organ injury in hypertension is largely
speculative. Recent studies have shown that leukocytes play a key role in
several cardiovascular diseases. As an initial step toward investigating
the role of leukocytes in hypertension, we measured leukocyte counts and
spontaneous activation of granulocytes of freshly drawn unseparated blood
samples in spontaneously hypertensive rats and in their normotensive
counterpart, Wistar-Kyoto rats. The animals were derived from one breeder
in the United States and from two breeders in Europe. Total leukocyte
counts in young, mature, and old hypertensive rats were 50-100% above the
controls. The number of granulocytes in mature and old spontaneously
hypertensive rats in more than 100% elevated compared with control rats. In
young hypertensive rats the mean granulocyte count was only slightly
elevated. The number of spontaneously activated granulocytes, as detected
by the nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, increases with age in both species;
in mature spontaneously hypertensive rats, it is more than 300% above the
values in the controls. Furthermore, in mature hypertensive rats the number
of monocytes, activated monocytes, and the lymphocyte count are also
significantly elevated over the values in the normotensive controls. It is
proposed that these elevated leukocyte counts may constitute an enhanced
risk for organ injury in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.
ARTICLES
Leukocyte counts and activation in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats
Department of AMES-Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0412.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  H. G. Bohlen Metalloproteinases Damage the Insulin Receptor to Cause Insulin Resistance in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Hypertension, August 1, 2008; 52(2): 215 - 217. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. A. DeLano and G. W. Schmid-Schonbein Proteinase Activity and Receptor Cleavage: Mechanism for Insulin Resistance in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Hypertension, August 1, 2008; 52(2): 415 - 423. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. P. Levick, D. C. Loch, S. M. Taylor, and J. S. Janicki Arachidonic Acid Metabolism as a Potential Mediator of Cardiac Fibrosis Associated with Inflammation J. Immunol., January 15, 2007; 178(2): 641 - 646. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 U. P. Kodavanti, M. C. Schladweiler, A. D. Ledbetter, R. V. Ortuno, M. Suffia, P. Evansky, J. H. Richards, R. H. Jaskot, R. Thomas, E. Karoly, et al. The Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat: An Experimental Model of Sulfur Dioxide-Induced Airways Disease Toxicol. Sci., November 1, 2006; 94(1): 193 - 205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. A. DeLano, R. Balete, and G. W. Schmid-Schonbein Control of oxidative stress in microcirculation of spontaneously hypertensive rats Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, February 1, 2005; 288(2): H805 - H812. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Sela, R. Mazor, M. Amsalam, C. Yagil, Y. Yagil, and B. Kristal Primed Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation Antecede Hypertension in the Sabra Rat Hypertension, November 1, 2004; 44(5): 764 - 769. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Hirose, J. Kiryu, K. Miyamoto, K. Nishijima, S. Miyahara, H. Katsuta, H. Tamura, and Y. Honda In Vivo Evaluation of Retinal Injury After Transient Ischemia in Hypertensive Rats Hypertension, May 1, 2004; 43(5): 1098 - 1102. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. P. Kodavanti, M. C. J. Schladweiler, A. D. Ledbetter, R. Hauser, D. C. Christiani, J. M. Samet, J. McGee, J. H. Richards, and D. L. Costa Pulmonary and Systemic Effects of Zinc-Containing Emission Particles in Three Rat Strains: Multiple Exposure Scenarios Toxicol. Sci., November 1, 2002; 70(1): 73 - 85. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Marks, H. V.O. Carswell, E. E. Peters, D. I. Graham, J. Patterson, A. F. Dominiczak, and I. M. Macrae Characterization of the Microglial Response to Cerebral Ischemia in the Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat Hypertension, July 1, 2001; 38(1): 116 - 122. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Caimi, R. L. Presti, C. Carollo, M. Musso, F. Porretto, B. Canino, A. Catania, and G. Cerasola Polymorphonuclear Integrins, Membrane Fluidity, and Cytosolic Ca2+ Content After Activation in Essential Hypertension Hypertension, November 1, 2000; 36(5): 813 - 817. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 U. P. Kodavanti, M. C. Jackson, A. D. Ledbetter, B. C. Starcher, P. A. Evansky, A. Harewood, D. W. Winsett, and D. L. Costa The Combination of Elastase and Sulfur Dioxide Exposure Causes COPD-Like Lesions in the Rat Chest, May 1, 2000; 117 (2009): 299S - 302S. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Kurose, R. Wolf, W. Cerwinka, and D. N. Granger Microvascular Responses to Ischemia/Reperfusion in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats Hypertension, August 1, 1999; 34(2): 212 - 216. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Dorffel, C. Latsch, B. Stuhlmuller, S. Schreiber, S. Scholze, G. R. Burmester, and J. Scholze Preactivated Peripheral Blood Monocytes in Patients With Essential Hypertension Hypertension, July 1, 1999; 34(1): 113 - 117. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Suzuki, F. A. Delano, N. Jamshidi, D. Katz, M. Mori, K. Kosaki, R. A. Gottlieb, H. Ishii, and G. W. Schmid-Schonbein Enhanced DNA fragmentation in the thymus of spontaneously hypertensive rats Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 1999; 276(6): H2135 - H2140. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Bernard, R. Merval, B. Esposito, and A. Tedgui Resistance to Endotoxin Shock in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Hypertension, June 1, 1998; 31(6): 1350 - 1356. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. L. Thomas, J. E. Artwohl, H. Suzuki, X.-p. Gao, E. White, A. Saroli, R. M. Bunte, and I. Rubinstein Initial Characterization of Hamsters With Spontaneous Hypertension Hypertension, August 1, 1997; 30(2): 301 - 304. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Komatsu, J. Panes, J. M. Russell, D. C. Anderson, V. R. Muzykantov, M. Miyasaka, and D. N. Granger Effects of Chronic Arterial Hypertension on Constitutive and Induced Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression In Vivo Hypertension, February 1, 1997; 29(2): 683 - 689. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Mai, K. F. Hilgers, and H. Geiger Experimental Studies on the Role of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 and Lymphocyte Function–Associated Antigen-1 in Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis Hypertension, December 1, 1996; 28(6): 973 - 979. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Nishiwaki, Y. Ogura, K. Miyamoto, N. Matsuda, and Y. Honda Interferon Alfa Induces Leukocyte Capillary Trapping in Rat Retinal Microcirculation Arch Ophthalmol, June 1, 1996; 114(6): 726 - 730. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Suzuki, A. Swei, B. W. Zweifach, and G. W. Schmid-Schonbein In Vivo Evidence for Microvascular Oxidative Stress in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats : Hydroethidine Microfluorography Hypertension, May 1, 1995; 25(5): 1083 - 1089. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Shen, F. A. DeLano, B. W. Zweifach, and G. W. Schmid-Schonbein Circulating Leukocyte Counts, Activation, and Degranulation in Dahl Hypertensive Rats Circ. Res., February 1, 1995; 76(2): 276 - 283. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. W LaMORTE, P. R. Cordts, L. M. Hanrahan, T. E. Scott, C. Hartono, and J. O. Menzoian Leukocytes, Lipids, and Chronic Venous Insufficiency: A New Perspective on an Old Disease Perspectives in Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, January 1, 1993; 6(1): 95 - 107. [PDF]
|
|