Hypertension, Vol 17, 626-635, Copyright © 1991 by American Heart Association
SA Griffin, WC Brown, F MacPherson, JC McGrath, VG Wilson, N Korsgaard, MJ Mulvany and AF Lever
Angiotensin II, when given in low doses, raises blood pressure slowly. When
tested in vitro on vascular smooth muscle cells, it has mitogenic and
trophic effects; it is not known if it has these effects in vivo. Our
purpose was to determine whether vascular hypertrophy develops during slow
pressor infusion of angiotensin II and, if so, whether it is pressure
induced. Three experiments were done in rats infused subcutaneously with
angiotensin II (200 ng/kg/min) by minipump for 10- 12 days. Experiment 1:
Angiotensin II gradually raised systolic blood pressure (measured in the
tail) from 143 +/- 2 to 208 +/- 8 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM), significantly
suppressing plasma renin and increasing threefold (NS) plasma angiotensin
II. There was no loss of peptide in the pump infusate when tested at the
end of the experiment. Experiment 2: In the perfused mesenteric
circulation, vasoconstrictor responses to norepinephrine, vasopressin, and
KCl were enhanced in rats given a slow pressor infusion of angiotensin II,
but sensitivity of responses was not altered. This combination of changes
suggests that vascular hypertrophy develops during slow pressor infusion of
angiotensin II. Experiment 3: Vessel myography was done after angiotensin
II infusion with and without a pressor response. Angiotensin II raised
systolic blood pressure, increased heart weight, and produced myographic
changes of vascular hypertrophy in the mesenteric circulation, increasing
media width, media cross-sectional area, and media/lumen ratio. Hydralazine
given with angiotensin II prevented the rise of pressure and the cardiac
effect but not the vascular changes. Two-way analysis of variance showed
that angiotensin II significantly increased media width, media
cross-sectional area, and media/lumen ratio, all independent of
hydralazine. Thus, although hydralazine inhibits the pressor and cardiac
effects of angiotensin II, suggesting a pressor mechanism for the cardiac
change, it does not inhibit structural vascular change, which suggests that
at least part of the effect has a non-pressor mechanism.
ARTICLES
Angiotensin II causes vascular hypertrophy in part by a non-pressor mechanism
MRC Blood Pressure Unit, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland.
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 L. A. Cassis, D. E. Marshall, M. J. Fettinger, B. Rosenbluth, and R. A. Lodder Mechanisms contributing to angiotensin II regulation of body weight Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, May 1, 1998; 274(5): E867 - E876. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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P. Moreau, H. Takase, L. V. d'Uscio, T. F. Luscher, and G. L. Baumbach Effect of Chronic Nitric Oxide Deficiency on Angiotensin II–Induced Hypertrophy of Rat Basilar Artery • Editorial Comment Stroke, May 1, 1998; 29(5): 1031 - 1036. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. J. Dilley and M. I. Nataatmadja Heparin inhibits mesenteric vascular hypertrophy in angiotensin II-infusion hypertension in rats Cardiovasc Res, April 1, 1998; 38(1): 247 - 255. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. J. Su, D. M. Lombardi, J. Wiener, M. J. A. P. Daemen, M. A. Reidy, and S. M. Schwartz Mitogenic Effect of Angiotensin II on Rat Carotid Arteries and Type II or III Mesenteric Microvessels but Not Type I Mesenteric Microvessels Is Mediated by Endogenous Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Circ. Res., February 23, 1998; 82(3): 321 - 327. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. P. Collister and J. W. Osborn Area postrema lesion attenuates the long-term hypotensive effects of losartan in salt-replete rats Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, February 1, 1998; 274(2): R357 - R366. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Herizi, B. Jover, N. Bouriquet, and A. Mimran Prevention of the Cardiovascular and Renal Effects of Angiotensin II by Endothelin Blockade Hypertension, January 1, 1998; 31(1): 10 - 14. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. S. Li, R. M. Touyz, and E. L. Schiffrin Effects of AT1 and AT2 Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists in Angiotensin II-Infused Rats Hypertension, January 1, 1998; 31(1): 487 - 492. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. B. Hautmann, M. M. Thompson, E. A. Swartz, E. N. Olson, and G. K. Owens Angiotensin II–Induced Stimulation of Smooth Muscle {alpha}-Actin Expression by Serum Response Factor and the Homeodomain Transcription Factor MHox Circ. Res., October 19, 1997; 81(4): 600 - 610. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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S. Heeneman, J. F.M. Smits, P. J.A. Leenders, P. M.H. Schiffers, and M. J.A.P. Daemen Effects of Angiotensin II on Cardiac Function and Peripheral Vascular Structure During Compensated Heart Failure in the Rat Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 1997; 17(10): 1985 - 1994. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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P. Moreau, L. V. d'Uscio, S. Shaw, H. Takase, M. Barton, and T. F. Luscher Angiotensin II Increases Tissue Endothelin and Induces Vascular Hypertrophy : Reversal by ETA-Receptor Antagonist Circulation, September 2, 1997; 96(5): 1593 - 1597. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. D. Banting, K. E. Thompson, P. Friberg, and M. A. Adams Blunted Cardiovascular Growth Induction During Prolonged Nitric Oxide Synthase Blockade Hypertension, September 1, 1997; 30(3): 416 - 421. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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H. Sasamura, Y. Nakazato, T. Hayashida, Y. Kitamura, M. Hayashi, and T. Saruta Regulation of Vascular Type 1 Angiotensin Receptors by Cytokines Hypertension, July 1, 1997; 30(1): 35 - 41. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. L. Clements, A. J. Banes, and J. E. Faber Effect of Mechanical Loading on Vascular {alpha}1D- and {alpha}1B-Adrenergic Receptor Expression Hypertension, May 1, 1997; 29(5): 1156 - 1164. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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M. L. Clements and J. E. Faber Mechanical Load Opposes Angiotensin-Mediated Decrease in Vascular {alpha}1-Adrenoceptors Hypertension, May 1, 1997; 29(5): 1165 - 1172. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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H. A.J. Struijker-Boudier, H. van Essen, G. Fazzi, J. G.R. De Mey, H. Y. Qiu, and B. I. Levy Disproportional Arterial Hypertrophy in Hypertensive mRen-2 Transgenic Rats Hypertension, November 1, 1996; 28(5): 779 - 784. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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D. Rizzoni, E. Porteri, M. Castellano, G. Bettoni, M. L. Muiesan, P. Muiesan, S. M. Giulini, and E. Agabiti-Rosei Vascular Hypertrophy and Remodeling in Secondary Hypertension Hypertension, November 1, 1996; 28(5): 785 - 790. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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A. Benetos, S. Gautier, S. Ricard, J. Topouchian, R. Asmar, O. Poirier, E. Larosa, L. Guize, M. Safar, F. Soubrier, et al. Influence of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme and Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Gene Polymorphisms on Aortic Stiffness in Normotensive and Hypertensive Patients Circulation, August 15, 1996; 94(4): 698 - 703. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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E. M. van Kleef, J. Fingerle, and M. J.A.P. Daemen Angiotensin II-Induced Progression of Neointimal Thickening in the Balloon-Injured Rat Carotid Artery Is AT1 Receptor Mediated Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, July 1, 1996; 16(7): 857 - 863. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 T. L. Goodfriend, M. E. Elliott, and K. J. Catt Angiotensin Receptors and Their Antagonists N. Engl. J. Med., June 20, 1996; 334(25): 1649 - 1655. [Full Text] [PDF]
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W. Kiowski, L. Linder, R. Nuesch, and B. Martina Effects of Cilazapril on Vascular Structure and Function in Essential Hypertension Hypertension, March 1, 1996; 27(3): 371 - 376. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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J. P. Collister, B. J. Hornfeldt, and J. W. Osborn Hypotensive Response to Losartan in Normal Rats : Role of Ang II and the Area Postrema Hypertension, March 1, 1996; 27(3): 598 - 606. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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G. Guron, P. Friberg, A. Wickman, C. Brantsing, B. Gabrielsson, and J. Isgaard Cardiac Insulin-like Growth Factor I and Growth Hormone Receptor Expression in Renal Hypertension Hypertension, March 1, 1996; 27(3): 636 - 642. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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 J. C. Hershey, M. Hautmann, M. M. Thompson, L. I. Rothblum, T. A. J. Haystead, and G. K. Owens Angiotensin II-induced Hypertrophy of Rat Vascular Smooth Muscle Is Associated with Increased 18 S rRNA Synthesis and Phosphorylation of the rRNA Transcription Factor, Upstream Binding Factor J. Biol. Chem., October 20, 1995; 270(42): 25096 - 25101. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Avolio Genetic and Environmental Factors in the Function and Structure of the Arterial Wall Hypertension, July 1, 1995; 26(1): 34 - 37. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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A. Benetos, J. Topouchian, S. Ricard, S. Gautier, A. Bonnardeaux, R. Asmar, O. Poirier, F. Soubrier, M. Safar, and F. Cambien Influence of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Polymorphism on Aortic Stiffness in Never-Treated Hypertensive Patients Hypertension, July 1, 1995; 26(1): 44 - 47. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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D. Rizzoni, M. Castellano, E. Porteri, G. Bettoni, M. L. Muiesan, A. Cinelli, and E. A. Rosei Effects of Low and High Doses of Fosinopril on the Structure and Function of Resistance Arteries Hypertension, July 1, 1995; 26(1): 118 - 123. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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D. J. Campbell, P. Rong, A. Kladis, B. Rees, D. Ganten, and S. L. Skinner Angiotensin and Bradykinin Peptides in the TGR(mRen-2)27 Rat Hypertension, May 1, 1995; 25(5): 1014 - 1020. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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