Hypertension, Vol 18, 446-457, Copyright © 1991 by American Heart Association
CD Sigmund and KW Gross
It has long been known that the renin-angiotensin system plays an integral
role in the regulation of blood pressure and electrolyte and fluid balance
in mammals. The advent of molecular biologic techniques has afforded new
insights into the genes regulating blood pressure. Laboratory mice and rats
have been used as experimental models to examine the structural
organization and expression of the renin gene. It is now well established
that some mice, unlike rats and humans, contain a duplicated copy of the
renin locus, which accounts for the high level of renin activity long known
to be found in the submandibular gland of some mice. Indeed it is this
fortuitous observation that facilitated the isolation of the first
complementary DNA clones for renin and ultimately the many species-specific
probes now available to analyze mammalian tissues for evidence of primary
renin expression. The use of complementary DNAs as probes for primary renin
expression helped confirm and further clarify earlier studies demonstrating
the presence of renin activity in a number of extrarenal tissues. Although
expression in some of these tissues is evolutionarily conserved, their
significance has still been elusive. In this report we review the impact of
molecular biology on our current understanding of renin gene structure and
organization, tissue- and cell-specific expression and regulation, and the
changes in renin expression throughout ontogeny. In addition, we describe
how new developments in gene transfer technology have added important tools
to our arsenal for examining renin gene regulation and how these
technologies can be used to develop new tools for renin and hypertension
research.
ARTICLES
Structure, expression, and regulation of the murine renin genes
Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, N.Y.
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