Hypertension, Vol 21, 816-826, Copyright © 1993 by American Heart Association
GL Baumbach and MA Hajdu
The purpose of this study was to examine effects of hypertension on
mechanics of cerebral arterioles in nongenetic and genetic models of
chronic hypertension. Pressure (servo null) and diameter were measured in
pial arterioles of anesthetized renal hypertensive rats (one-kidney, one
clip), uninephrectomized normotensive rats, spontaneously hypertensive
rats, and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats. During maximal dilatation with
EDTA, external diameter of pial arterioles at 70 mm Hg pial arteriolar
pressure was not significantly different in renal hypertensive and
normotensive rats (86 +/- 5 [mean +/- SEM] versus 84 +/- 4 microns) but was
less in spontaneously hypertensive rats than in Wistar-Kyoto rats (81 +/- 3
versus 92 +/- 3 microns; p < 0.05). Cross- sectional area of the
arteriolar wall (histological) was greater in renal hypertensive than in
normotensive rats (1,360 +/- 131 versus 952 +/- 89 microns 2; p < 0.05)
and in spontaneously hypertensive rats than in Wistar-Kyoto rats (1,294 +/-
97 versus 817 +/- 86 microns 2; p < 0.05). The stress-strain relation
obtained from pressure-diameter data during maximal dilatation with EDTA
indicated that distensibility of pial arterioles, when fully relaxed, was
greater in renal hypertensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats than in
normotensive and Wistar- Kyoto rats. We used point-counting stereology to
quantitate composition of pial arterioles in renal hypertensive rats.
Cross-sectional area of smooth muscle and elastin was significantly greater
in renal hypertensive than in normotensive rats (smooth muscle, 947 +/- 108
versus 620 +/- 62 microns 2; elastin, 101 +/- 11 versus 55 +/- 6 microns 2;
p < 0.05), whereas cross-sectional area of collagen and basement
membrane was not significantly different in the two groups (collagen, 6 +/-
1 versus 5 +/- 1 microns 2; basement membrane, 120 +/- 12 versus 104 +/- 8
microns 2). Thus, we conclude that 1) cerebral arterioles undergo
hypertrophy in both renal hypertensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats;
2) cerebral arterioles in renal hypertensive rats do not undergo
"remodeling" with a reduction in external diameter, whereas external
diameter is smaller in spontaneously hypertensive than in Wistar-Kyoto
rats; 3) distensibility of cerebral arterioles, when fully relaxed, is
increased in renal hypertensive rats and is greater in spontaneously
hypertensive than in Wistar-Kyoto rats; and 4) the distensible components
of the arteriolar wall are increased disproportionately in cerebral
arterioles of renal hypertensive rats, which may contribute to increases in
arteriolar distensibility.
ARTICLES
Mechanics and composition of cerebral arterioles in renal and spontaneously hypertensive rats
University of Iowa College of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Iowa City 52242.
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