Hypertension, Vol 22, 653-664, Copyright © 1993 by American Heart Association
MJ Kenney and DR Seals
Recent investigations have demonstrated that there is a sustained reduction
in arterial blood pressure after a single bout of exercise, ie,
postexercise hypotension (PEH). The purpose of this discussion is to
integrate the available information on this topic and to review studies
using sustained stimulation of somatic afferents in experimental rats as a
model to study the role of somatic afferents in PEH. PEH occurs in response
to several types of large-muscle dynamic exercise (ie, walking, running,
leg cycling, and swimming) at submaximal intensities greater than 40% of
peak aerobic capacity and exercise durations generally between 20 and 60
minutes. PEH is observed in both normotensive and hypertensive humans and
in spontaneously hypertensive rats but is generally greater in magnitude in
hypertensive subjects. The maximal exercise-induced reductions in systolic
and diastolic arterial blood pressures have been on average 18 to 20 and 7
to 9 mm Hg, respectively, in hypertensive humans and 8 to 10 and 3 to 5 mm
Hg, respectively, in normotensive humans. PEH has been reported to persist
for 2 to 4 hours under laboratory conditions. Whether PEH is sustained for
a prolonged period of time under free-living conditions remains
controversial, although the results of one study indicate that PEH can
persist for up to 13 hours. Possible mechanisms involved in mediating
postexercise and poststimulation reductions in arterial blood pressure
include decreased stroke volume and cardiac output; reductions in limb
vascular resistance, total peripheral resistance, and muscle sympathetic
nerve discharge; group III somatic afferent activation; altered
baroreceptor reflex circulatory control; reduced vascular responsiveness to
alpha-adrenergic receptor-mediated stimulation; and activation of
endogenous opioid and serotonergic systems. It appears that the magnitude
of PEH in hypertensive subjects is clinically significant; however, more
investigation is required to determine if the duration is sufficient under
real-life conditions to contribute to the reduction in blood pressure
observed with chronic exercise conditioning.
ARTICLES
Postexercise hypotension. Key features, mechanisms, and clinical significance
Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506.
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