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Hypertension, Vol 23, 456-463, Copyright © 1994 by American Heart Association

ARTICLES

High-fructose feeding elicits insulin resistance, hyperinsulinism, and hypertension in normal mongrel dogs

FJ Martinez, RA Rizza and JC Romero
Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mayo Clinic, Mayo School of Medicine, Rochester, Minn. 55905.

To determine whether chronic high-fructose feeding causes insulin resistance and hypertension in normal dogs, we fed 10 male dogs a normosodic diet containing 60% of the calories as fructose for 20 to 28 days; a control group of 8 dogs was fed a similar diet containing dextrose instead of fructose. In the fructose-fed group, (1) fasting triglyceridemia increased from 35.3 +/- 0.63 to 91.9 +/- 11.55 mg/dL after 25 days (P < .001); (2) fasting insulinemia increased from 19.0 +/- 1.9 to 58.9 +/- 7.22 microU/mL after 25 days (P < .001); (3) insulin resistance, which was estimated by steady-state glycemia during an insulin suppression test, increased from 105.8 +/- 21.5 to 187.8 +/- 32.6 mg/dL after 15 days (P < .001), whereas steady-state insulinemia did not change; (4) mean arterial pressure increased from 100.4 +/- 1.6 to 122.6 +/- 2.3 mm Hg after 28 days (P < .01); and (5) cumulative sodium balance was increased on days 7 through 11 (111.60 +/- 4.44 mEq on day 8, P < .01), returning to normal for the rest of the experiment. All these parameters were similar between the fructose-fed and dextrose- fed groups before the diets were started and remained constant in the dextrose-fed group. Neither group showed any change in body weight, fasting plasma glucose, atrial natriuretic factor, or endothelin-1 levels. We conclude that chronic high-fructose feeding elicits hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, and a transient sodium retention in dogs without fostering fasting hyperglycemia or weight gain.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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