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(Hypertension. 1995;25:305-313.)
© 1995 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Prevalence of Hypertension in the US Adult Population
Results From the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1991
From the National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hyattsville, Md (V.L.B.); Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Md (P.W.); the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md (E.J.R., C.B., J.A.C., M.H., M.J.H.); and the University of Texas, Houston Health Science Center, School of Public Health (D.L.).
Correspondence to Vicki L. Burt, ScM, RN, Division of Health Examination Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6525 Belcrest Rd, Room 1070, Hyattsville, MD 20782.
Abstract The purpose of this study was to estimate the current prevalence and distribution of hypertension and to determine the status of hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in the US adult population. The study used a cross-sectional survey of the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the United States, including an in-home interview and a clinic examination, each of which included measurement of blood pressure. Data for 9901 participants 18 years of age and older from phase 1 of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, collected from 1988 through 1991, were used. Twenty-four percent of the US adult population representing 43 186 000 persons had hypertension. The age-adjusted prevalence in the non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white, and Mexican American populations was 32.4%, 23.3%, and 22.6%, respectively. Overall, two thirds of the population with hypertension were aware of their diagnosis (69%), and a majority were taking prescribed medication (53%). Only one third of Mexican Americans with hypertension were being treated (35%), and only 14% achieved control in contrast to 25% and 24% of the non-Hispanic black and non-Hispanic white populations with hypertension, respectively. Almost 13 million adults classified as being normotensive reported being told on one or more occasions that they had hypertension; 51% of this group reported current adherence to lifestyle changes to control their hypertension. Hypertension continues to be a common finding in the general population. Awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension have improved substantially since the 1976-1980 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey but continue to be suboptimal, especially in Mexican Americans. Consideration should be given to revision of the criteria for classification of hypertension to reflect the widespread use of lifestyle modification for treatment of hypertension.
Key Words: hypertension, essential • blood pressure • prevalence • cross-sectional studies • NHANES
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Q. Gu, R. Paulose-Ram, C. Dillon, and V. Burt Antihypertensive Medication Use Among US Adults With Hypertension Circulation, January 17, 2006; 113(2): 213 - 221. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. N. Graham, B. Leath, K. Payne, M. Guendelman, G. Reynolds, S. Kim, B. James, D. Ware, M. Hunter, A. Burwell, et al. Perceived Versus Actual Risk for Hypertension and Diabetes in the African American Community Health Promot Pract, January 1, 2006; 7(1): 34 - 46. [Abstract] [PDF]
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M. H. Freitag, R. Peila, K. Masaki, H. Petrovitch, G. W. Ross, L. R. White, and L. J. Launer Midlife Pulse Pressure and Incidence of Dementia: The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study Stroke, January 1, 2006; 37(1): 33 - 37. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. P. Mason, L. Kalinowski, R. F. Jacob, A. M. Jacoby, and T. Malinski Nebivolol Reduces Nitroxidative Stress and Restores Nitric Oxide Bioavailability in Endothelium of Black Americans Circulation, December 13, 2005; 112(24): 3795 - 3801. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. B. Panagiotakos, D. Kromhout, A. Menotti, C. Chrysohoou, A. Dontas, C. Pitsavos, H. Adachi, H. Blackburn, S. Nedeljkovic, and A. Nissinen The Relation Between Pulse Pressure and Cardiovascular Mortality in 12 763 Middle-aged Men From Various Parts of the World: A 25-Year Follow-up of the Seven Countries Study Arch Intern Med, October 10, 2005; 165(18): 2142 - 2147. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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A. Page, H. Reich, J. Zhou, V. Lai, D. C. Cattran, J. W. Scholey, and J. A. Miller Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene/Gender Interactions and the Renal Hemodynamic Response to Angiotensin II J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., October 1, 2005; 16(10): 3053 - 3060. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. M. Lloyd-Jones, K. Sutton-Tyrrell, A. S. Patel, K. A. Matthews, R. C. Pasternak, S. A. Everson-Rose, A. Scuteri, and C. U. Chae Ethnic Variation in Hypertension Among Premenopausal and Perimenopausal Women: Study of Women's Health Across the Nation Hypertension, October 1, 2005; 46(4): 689 - 695. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Quinkler, I. J. Bujalska, K. Kaur, C. U. Onyimba, S. Buhner, B. Allolio, S. V. Hughes, M. Hewison, and P. M. Stewart Androgen Receptor-Mediated Regulation of the {alpha}-Subunit of the Epithelial Sodium Channel in Human Kidney Hypertension, October 1, 2005; 46(4): 787 - 798. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. J. Wang and R. S. Vasan Epidemiology of Uncontrolled Hypertension in the United States Circulation, September 13, 2005; 112(11): 1651 - 1662. [Full Text] [PDF]
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J. D. Imig Epoxide hydrolase and epoxygenase metabolites as therapeutic targets for renal diseases Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, September 1, 2005; 289(3): F496 - F503. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. M. Burchfiel, T. N. Skelton, M. E. Andrew, R. J. Garrison, D. K. Arnett, D. W. Jones, and H. A. Taylor Jr Metabolic Syndrome and Echocardiographic Left Ventricular Mass in Blacks: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Circulation, August 9, 2005; 112(6): 819 - 827. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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Y. Arad, K. J. Goodman, M. Roth, D. Newstein, and A. D. Guerci Coronary Calcification, Coronary Disease Risk Factors, C-Reactive Protein, and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Events: The St. Francis Heart Study J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 5, 2005; 46(1): 158 - 165. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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F. J. He, N. D. Markandu, and G. A. MacGregor Modest Salt Reduction Lowers Blood Pressure in Isolated Systolic Hypertension and Combined Hypertension Hypertension, July 1, 2005; 46(1): 66 - 70. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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C. M. McEniery, Yasmin, S. Wallace, K. Maki-Petaja, B. McDonnell, J. E. Sharman, C. Retallick, S. S. Franklin, M. J. Brown, R. C. Lloyd, et al. Increased Stroke Volume and Aortic Stiffness Contribute to Isolated Systolic Hypertension in Young Adults Hypertension, July 1, 2005; 46(1): 221 - 226. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. L. Moore, A. J. Visioni, M. M. Qureshi, M. L. Bradlee, R. C. Ellison, and R. D'Agostino Weight Loss in Overweight Adults and the Long-term Risk of Hypertension: The Framingham Study Arch Intern Med, June 13, 2005; 165(11): 1298 - 1303. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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L. Mazzaro, S. J. Almasi, R. Shandas, D. R. Seals, and P. E. Gates Aortic Input Impedance Increases With Age in Healthy Men and Women Hypertension, June 1, 2005; 45(6): 1101 - 1106. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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