(Hypertension. 1995;25:1276-1286.)
© 1995 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Spectral Analysis of Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability in Evaluating Cardiovascular Regulation
A Critical Appraisal
From the Istituto Scientifico Ospedale S. Luca, Centro Auxologico Italiano, Milano (G.P., G.M.); Medicina Interna I, Ospedale S. Gerardo, Monza and Università di Milano (G.P., G.M.) (Italy); Children's Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.P.S.); Massachussetts Institute of Technology, Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge (J.P.S.), Mass; and LaRC, Centro di Bioingegneria, Fondazione Pro Juventute, Milano, Italy (M. Di R.).
Correspondence to Gianfranco Parati, MD, Centro di Fisiologia Clinica e Ipertensione, Ospedale Maggiore and Università di Milano, via F. Sforza, 35 20122, Milano, Italy.
Abstract Blood pressure variability includes rhythmic and nonrhythmic fluctuations that, with the use of spectral analysis, appear as clear peaks or broadband power, respectively. This review offers a concise and critical description of the spectral methods most commonly used (fast Fourier transform versus autoregressive modeling, time-varying versus broadband spectral analysis) and an evaluation of their advantages and disadvantages. It also provides insight into the problems that still affect the physiological and clinical interpretations of data provided by spectral analysis of blood pressure and heart rate variability. In particular, the assessment of blood pressure and heart rate spectra aimed at providing indexes of autonomic cardiovascular modulation is discussed. Evidence is given that multivariate models—which allow evaluation of the interactions between changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and other biological signals (such as respiratory activity) in the time or frequency domains—offer a more comprehensive approach to the assessment of cardiovascular regulation than that represented by the separate analysis of fluctuations in blood pressure or heart rate only.
Key Words: blood pressure • heart rate • autonomic nervous system • hypertension, essential • sequence analysis
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