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(Hypertension. 1996;27:303-307.)
© 1996 American Heart Association, Inc.

Articles

Serum Fatty Acids and Blood Pressure

Joel A. Simon; Josephine Fong; John T. Bernert, Jr

From the General Internal Medicine Section, Medical Service, VA Medical Center, San Francisco, Calif (J.A.S.); Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California–San Francisco (J.A.S., J.F.); and Clinical Biochemistry Branch, Division of Environmental Health Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga (J.T.B.).

Correspondence to Dr Joel A. Simon, General Internal Medicine (111A1), San Francisco VA Medical Center, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121.

Abstract To examine the relation between serum fatty acids and blood pressure, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 156 men who were enrolled in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. After confirming the stability of the stored serum samples, we measured serum fatty acid levels by gas-liquid chromatography and examined their association with blood pressure. Using stepwise linear regression, we determined that each SD increase (1.9%) in the serum level of cholesterol ester palmitoleic acid (16:1) was associated with a systolic pressure increase of 3.3 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, 0.9 to 5.6 mm Hg) and each SD increase (0.1%) in phospholipid 9 eicosatrienoic acid (20:3) was associated with a diastolic pressure increase of 1.7 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, 0.5 to 2.9 mm Hg). Serum level of cholesterol ester stearic acid (18:0) was inversely associated with diastolic pressure: each SD increase (0.2%) was associated with a decrease of 1.4 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, -2.5 to –0.2 mm Hg). In multivariate models that included dietary fat intake, cholesterol ester dihomogammalinolenic acid (20:3) was also associated with diastolic pressure: each SD increase (0.16%) was associated with an increase of 1.2 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, 0.1 to 2.4 mm Hg). Our results indicate that three nonessential fatty acids—stearic acid, palmitoleic acid, and 9 eicosatrienoic acid, and one essential fatty acid—dihomogammalinolenic acid, are independent correlates of blood pressure among middle-aged American men at high risk of coronary heart disease.

Key Words: blood pressure • diet • fatty acids

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