(Hypertension. 1996;27:1200-1204.)
© 1996 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Inhibition of 11ß-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase in Pregnant Rats and the Programming of Blood Pressure in the Offspring
From the Department of Medicine, University of Edinburgh (UK), Western General Hospital.
Correspondence to Dr R.S. Lindsay, Department of Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
Abstract Recent epidemiological studies have linked low birth weight with the later occurrence of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, particularly hypertension. We have proposed that fetal exposure to excess maternal glucocorticoids may underpin this association. Normally, the fetus is protected from maternal glucocorticoids by placental 11ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11ß-HSD). We have previously shown that treatment of pregnant rats with dexamethasone, a synthetic glucocorticoid that is poorly metabolized by the enzyme, reduces birth weight and produces elevated blood pressure in the adult offspring. Moreover, low activity of placental 11ß-HSD correlates with low birth weight in rats. Here, we show that maternal administration of carbenoxolone, a potent inhibitor of 11ß-HSD, throughout pregnancy leads to reduced birth weight (mean 20% decrease) and elevated blood pressures (increase in mean arterial pressure, 9 mm Hg in males, 7 mm Hg in females) in the adult offspring of carbenoxolone-treated rats. This effect requires the presence of maternal adrenal products, as carbenoxolone given to adrenalectomized pregnant rats had no effect on birth weight or blood pressure. These data support the hypothesis that excess exposure of the fetoplacental unit to maternal glucocorticoids reduces birth weight and programs subsequent hypertension and indicate a key role for placental 11ß-HSD in controlling such exposure.
Key Words: blood pressure • corticosterone • birth weight • glucocorticoid • carbenoxolone
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