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(Hypertension. 1997;30:1549-1553.)
© 1997 American Heart Association, Inc.
Articles |
Improvement of Insulin Sensitivity by Short-term Exercise Training in Hypertensive African American Women
From Preventive Cardiology, Cardiology Division (M.D.B., G.E.M., S.D.M., J.M.H.), and the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (M.T.K.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (Penn).
Correspondence to Michael D. Brown, Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2611. E-mail mb{at}umail.umd.edu
Abstract African American women have a high prevalence of
insulin resistance, non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, obesity,
and hypertension that may be linked to low levels of physical activity.
We sought to determine whether 7 days of aerobic exercise improved
glucose and insulin metabolism in 12 obese (body fat
>35%), hypertensive (systolic blood pressure 
140 and/or
diastolic blood pressure 90 mmHg) African American
women (mean age 51±8 years). Insulin-assisted frequently-sampled
intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed at
baseline and 14 to 18 hours after the 7th exercise session. There was
no significant change in maximal oxygen consumption, body composition,
or body weight after the 7 days of aerobic exercise. The insulin
sensitivity index increased (2.68±0.45 · 10-5 to
4.23±0.10 · 10-5 [min-1/pmol/L],
P=.02). Fasting (73±9 to 50±9 pmol/L,
P=.02) and glucose-stimulated (332±58 to 261±45
pmol/L, P=.05) plasma insulin levels decreased.
Additional measures related to the insulin resistance syndrome also
changed with the 7 days of exercise: basal plasma
norepinephrine concentrations were reduced (2.46±0.27 to
1.81±0.27 nmol/L, P=.02) and sodium excretion rate
increased from 100±13 to 137±7 mmol/d (P=.03);
however, there was no change in potassium excretion or 24-hour
ambulatory blood pressure. We conclude that a short-term aerobic
exercise program improves insulin sensitivity in African American
hypertensive women independent of changes in fitness levels, body
composition, or body weight. The present study indicates that
short-term exercise can improve insulin resistance in hypertensive,
obese, sedentary African American women and confirms previous reports
that a portion of the exercise-induced improvements in glucose and
insulin metabolism may be the result of recent
exercise.
Key Words: insulin sensitivity • exercise • blacks
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