From the Center for Behavioral Development and Mental Retardation (J.T.,
M.T., J.R.G.) and Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Evans Department of
Medicine (N.R.-O., V.L.M.H.), Boston University School of Medicine, Mass.
Correspondence to John Tonkiss, PhD, Center for Behavioral Development and Mental Retardation, M923, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118. E-mail jtonkiss{at}bu.edu
Abstract—A link between prenatal
malnutrition and hypertension in human populations has recently been
proposed. Rat models of prenatal malnutrition have provided major
support for this theory on the basis of tail-cuff measurements.
However, this technique requires restraint and elevated temperature,
both potential sources of stress. To determine the effect of prenatal
protein malnutrition on blood pressure under nonstress conditions,
24-hour radiotelemetric measurements were taken in the home cage. Male
rats born to dams fed a 6% casein diet for 5 weeks before mating and
throughout pregnancy were studied in early adulthood (from 96 days of
age). During the waking phase of their cycle but not the sleep phase,
prenatal malnutrition gave rise to small but significant elevations of
diastolic blood pressure and heart rate compared with
well-nourished controls. Direct effects of stress on blood pressure
responses were determined in a second experiment using an olfactory
stressor. Prenatally malnourished rats showed a greater increase in
both systolic and diastolic pressures compared with
well-nourished controls during the first exposure to ammonia. A
different pattern of change of cardiovascular responses
was also observed during subsequent presentations of the
stressor. These findings of a small baseline increase in
diastolic pressure consequent to prenatal malnutrition, but
an augmented elevation of both systolic and
diastolic pressures after first exposure to stress, suggest
the need to reevaluate interpretation of the large elevations in blood
pressure previously observed in malnourished animals using the
stressful tail-cuff procedure.
© 1998 American Heart Association, Inc.
Scientific Contributions
Prenatal Malnutrition-Induced Changes in Blood Pressure
Dissociation of Stress and Nonstress Responses Using Radiotelemetry
ska
Key Words: malnutrition • prenatal insult • growth retardation, intrauterine • ammonia • stress • rats
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