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(Hypertension. 1999;33:511-516.)
© 1999 American Heart Association, Inc.

Scientific Contribution

Effect of Chronic Salt Loading on Adenosine Metabolism and Receptor Expression in Renal Cortex and Medulla in Rats

Ai-Ping Zou; Feng Wu; Pin-Lan Li; Allen W. Cowley, Jr

Correspondence to Ai-Ping Zou, MD, PhD, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226. E-mail azou{at}post.its.mcw.edu

Abstract—Previous studies have shown that chronic salt loading increased renal interstitial adenosine concentrations and desensitized renal effects of adenosine, a phenomenon that could facilitate sodium excretion. However, the mechanisms responsible for the increased adenosine production and decreased adenosine response are poorly understood. This study examined the effects of the dietary high salt intake on adenosine metabolism and receptor expression in the renal cortex and medulla in Sprague Dawley rats. Fluorescent high-performance liquid chromatography analyses were performed to determine adenosine levels in snap-frozen kidney tissues. Comparing rats fed a normal (1% NaCl) versus high salt (4% NaCl) diet, renal adenosine concentrations in rats fed a high salt diet were significantly higher (cortex: 43±3 versus 85±4, P<0.05; medulla: 183±4 versus 302±8 nmol/g wet tissue, P<0.05). Increased adenosine concentrations were not associated with changes in the 5'-nucleotidase or adenosine deaminase activity, as determined by quantitative isoelectric focusing and gel electrophoresis. Western blot analyses showed that a high salt diet (4% NaCl for 3 weeks) downregulated A₁ receptors (antinatriuretic type), did not alter A_2A and A_2B receptors (natriuretic type), and upregulated A₃ receptors (function unknown) in both renal cortex and medulla. The data show that stimulation of adenosine production and downregulation of A₁ receptors with salt loading may play an important role in adaptation in the kidney to promote sodium excretion.

Key Words: adenosine • 5'-nucleotidase • adenosine deaminase • salt intake • kidney • isoelectric focusing • gel electrophoresis

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