(Hypertension. 1999;33:586-590.)
© 1999 American Heart Association, Inc.
Scientific Contributions |
Effects of Smoking Cessation on Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability in Habitual Smokers
From the Department of Medicine, Division of Hypertension and Cardiorenal Disease, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi, Japan.
Correspondence to Junichi Minami, MD, Department of Medicine, Division of Hypertension and Cardiorenal Disease, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Mibu, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan. E-mail j-minami{at}dokkyomed.ac.jp
Abstract—We investigated the effects of 1-week of smoking cessation on ambulatory blood pressure, heart rate, and heart rate variability in 39 normotensive male habitual smokers (mean±SEM, 32.5±1.0 years). The ambulatory blood pressure, heart rate, and ECG R-R intervals were measured during a 24-hour period with a portable recorder (TM-2425) on the last day of 1-week smoking and nonsmoking periods. The order of the 2 periods was randomized. In the smoking period, the subjects were instructed to smoke cigarettes according to their usual smoking patterns. A power-spectral analysis of R-R intervals was performed to obtain the low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF) components. The percentage of differences between adjacent normal R-R intervals >50 milliseconds (pNN50) was used as a time-domain measure of heart rate variability. The 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure was significantly lower in the nonsmoking period than in the smoking period, by 3.5±1.1 mm Hg systole [P<0.01] and by 1.9±0.7 mm Hg diastole [P<0.05], whereas the nighttime blood pressure did not differ significantly between the 2 periods. The 24-hour heart rate was significantly lower in the nonsmoking period than in the smoking period, by 7.3±1.0 beats/min (P<0.0001). The pNN50 and the 24-hour HF component were significantly higher in the nonsmoking period than in the smoking period (P<0.0001 for each). The plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations were significantly lower in the nonsmoking period than in the smoking period (P<0.05 for each). These results demonstrate the substantial and immediate benefits of smoking cessation on these cardiovascular indices.
Key Words: smoking cessation • blood pressure monitoring, ambulatory • heart rate • heart rate variability • sympathetic nervous system • parasympathetic nervous system
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