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(Hypertension. 1999;34:320-325.)
© 1999 American Heart Association, Inc.
Scientific Contributions |
Hypertension and Hormone-Related Neoplasms in Women
From the Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" (M.S., L.C., E.N., F.P., C. La V.), Milan; Prima Clinica Ostetrico-ginecologica, Università di Milano (F.P.), Milan; Servizio di Epidemiologia, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (S.F.), Aviano; and Istituto di Statistica Medica e Biometria, Università degli Studi di Milano (C. La V.), Milan, Italy.
Correspondence to Maria Soler, MD, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri," Via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milan, Italy.
Abstract—The relation between
hypertension and the risk of selected hormone-related neoplasms in
women was investigated in a network of case-control studies conducted
in Italy during 1983–1996. Cases were women younger than 75
years with histologically confirmed cancer of the
breast (n=3406), endometrium (n=745), ovary (n=970), and thyroid
(n=145). Controls were 3054 women admitted in the same geographic area
for acute, nonneoplastic, non–hormone-related diseases. Odds ratios
(ORs) of treated hypertension were computed after allowance for
sociodemographic factors, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, parity,
menopausal status, and body mass index (BMI) by means of unconditional
logistic regression. The ORs were 1.2 (95% CI, 1.1 to 1.4) for breast
cancer and 1.6 (95% CI, 1.3 to 1.9) for endometrial cancer, and the
elevated ORs persisted after 
5 years since diagnosis of hypertension.
No significant association was observed for ovarian and thyroid
cancer. For breast cancer, the association was apparently stronger at
age 55 years or over and consequently after menopause. No appreciable
effect modification was evident for endometrial cancer. Allowance for
BMI did not explain the association of postmenopausal breast cancer and
endometrial cancer with hypertension. The OR of postmenopausal breast
cancer was 1.5 (95% CI, 1.1 to 2.0) in hypertensive women with BMI
30 kg/m2 compared with normotensive women with BMI <25
kg/m2. The corresponding figure for all endometrial cancers
was 4.9 (95% CI, 3.4 to 6.9). Even in the absence of a clear
understanding of biological mechanisms, the definition of a role of
hypertension on female hormone–related cancers can have relevant
implications on individual risk assessment.
Key Words: hypertension, essential • breast neoplasms • endometrial neoplasms • ovarian neoplasms • thyroid neoplasms • case-control studies
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