(Hypertension. 1999;34:1193.)
© 1999 American Heart Association, Inc.
Scientific Contributions |
Association Between the C825T Polymorphism of the G Protein ß3-Subunit Gene and Hypertension in Blacks
From the Blood Pressure Unit (Y.D., H.Z., G.A.S., F.P.C.), Department of Medicine, the Medical Genetics Unit (Y.D., N.D.C.), Department of Child Health, and the Department of Public Health Sciences (D.G.C.), St George’s Hospital Medical School, London, UK.
Correspondence to Dr G.A. Sagnella (Molecular Biology) or Dr F.P. Cappuccio (Epidemiology), Blood Pressure Unit, Department of Medicine, St George’s Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, SW17 0RE London, UK. E-mail g.sagnella@sghms.ac.uk or f.cappuccio{at}sghms.ac.uk
Abstract—A polymorphism
(C825T) of the G protein ß3-subunit gene has been associated with low
renin hypertension in whites. The aim of this study was to examine the
C825T polymorphism in relation to hypertension in a
population-based study of black people of African origin who have high
prevalence of low renin, salt-sensitive hypertension. A total of 428
men and women, aged 40 to 59 years (270 Caribbeans and 158 West
Africans), who took part in a population-based survey were studied. All
were blacks and first-generation immigrants. The C825T polymorphism
was detected by polymerase chain reaction followed by
restriction-enzyme digestion. The prevalence of hypertension (supine
blood pressures 
160 systolic and/or 95 mm Hg
diastolic or on drug therapy) was 43%. The distribution of
the genotypes (CC, CT, and TT) was in Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium with observed frequencies of 4.0% (n=17), 33.6% (n=144),
and 62.4% (n=267), respectively. Allele frequencies were 20.8%
for C and 79.2% for T. No difference was detected between Caribbeans
and West Africans. A 3-fold higher risk of hypertension was found among
the carriers of the T variant both as heterozygotes (odds ratio [OR],
3.43 [95% CI, 0.94 to 12.4]) and homozygotes (OR, 3.87 [95% CI,
1.09 to 13.8]). The estimate of effect and the blood pressure values
in the groups carrying the T variant suggested a dominant model for the
T allele. This was confirmed by a significant association between
the T allele and hypertension (OR, 3.71 [95% CI, 1.05 to 13.1]),
even when adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index (OR, 4.14 [95%
CI, 1.11 to 15.4]). The study shows, for the first time, a high
frequency of the 825T allele in black people, and it provides
evidence that the T allele may be a susceptibility factor for the
development of hypertension in blacks. Given the high frequency of the
T allele, even a 2-fold increased risk of hypertension among the
carriers of the T allele might account for 44% of the cases of
hypertension in blacks.
Key Words: hypertension, genetic • blacks • G protein • polymorphism • epidemiology
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