(Hypertension. 2000;35:155.)
© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.
State-of-the-Art Lectures |
Role of the Angiotensin Type 2 Receptor in the Regulation of Blood Pressure and Renal Function
From the Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Va.
Correspondence to Robert M. Carey, MD, Box 395, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908. E-mail RMC4c{at}virginia.edu
Abstract—The renin-angiotensin system is a major physiological regulator of body fluid volume, electrolyte balance, and arterial pressure. Virtually all of the biological actions of the principle effector peptide angiotensin II (ANG II) have been attributed to an action at the type 1 (AT1) ANG receptor. Until recently, the functional role of the type 2 (AT2) receptor, if any, has been unknown, possibly because the AT2 receptor has a low degree of expression compared with that of the AT1 receptor. Evidence has now accumulated that the AT2 receptor opposes functions mediated by the AT1 receptor. Whereas the AT1 receptor stimulates cell proliferation, the AT2 receptor inhibits proliferation and promotes cell differentiation. These differences in growth responses have been ascribed to different cell signaling pathways in which the AT1 receptor stimulates protein phosphorylation and the AT2 receptor dephosphorylation. During the past 5 years, studies have demonstrated that the AT2 receptor is responsible for vasodilation and natriuresis, thus opposing the vasoconstrictor and antinatriuretic effects of ANG II mediated through the AT1 receptor. Work from our laboratory and others indicates that the AT2 receptor stimulates vasodilation and natriuresis by an autocrine cascade including bradykinin, nitric oxide, and cyclic GMP. The AT2 receptor also has been found to control vasodilator prostaglandins, which have a role in blood pressure regulation. The AT2 receptor appears to play a counterregulatory protective role in the regulation of blood pressure and sodium excretion that opposes the AT1 receptor.
Key Words: angiotensin II • receptors, angiotensin II • blood pressure • kidney • sodium
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  N. Mihailovic-Stanojevic, D. Jovovic, Z. Miloradovic, J. Grujic-Milanovic, M. Jerkic, and J. Markovic-Lipkovski Reduced progression of adriamycin nephropathy in spontaneously hypertensive rats treated by losartan Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., April 1, 2009; 24(4): 1142 - 1150. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. K. Stennett, X. Qiao, A. E. Falone, V. V. Koledova, and R. A. Khalil Increased vascular angiotensin type 2 receptor expression and NOS-mediated mechanisms of vascular relaxation in pregnant rats Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, March 1, 2009; 296(3): H745 - H755. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Zhao and L. G. Navar Acute Angiotensin II Infusions Elicit Pressure Natriuresis in Mice and Reduce Distal Fractional Sodium Reabsorption Hypertension, July 1, 2008; 52(1): 137 - 142. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. P Collister and D. B Nahey Changing dietary sodium alters the chronic cardiovascular effects of losartan in rats Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, March 1, 2008; 9(1): 10 - 16. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Kai Chen, D. C. Merrill, and J. C. Rose The Importance of Angiotensin II Subtype Receptors for Blood Pressure Control During Mouse Pregnancy Reproductive Sciences, October 1, 2007; 14(7): 694 - 704. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Kobori, M. Nangaku, L. G. Navar, and A. Nishiyama The Intrarenal Renin-Angiotensin System: From Physiology to the Pathobiology of Hypertension and Kidney Disease Pharmacol. Rev., September 1, 2007; 59(3): 251 - 287. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L Zhuo and X. C Li Review: Novel roles of intracrine angiotensin II and signalling mechanisms in kidney cells Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, March 1, 2007; 8(1): 23 - 33. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Tone, K. Shikata, D. Ogawa, S. Sasaki, R. Nagase, M. Sasaki, K. Yozai, H. Kataoka Usui, S. Okada, J. Wada, et al. Changes of gene expression profiles in macrophages stimulated by angiotensin II -- Angiotensin II induces MCP-2 through AT1-receptor Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, March 1, 2007; 8(1): 45 - 50. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. J. Salomone, N. L. Howell, H. E. McGrath, B. A. Kemp, S. R. Keller, J. J. Gildea, R. A. Felder, and R. M. Carey Intrarenal Dopamine D1-Like Receptor Stimulation Induces Natriuresis via an Angiotensin Type-2 Receptor Mechanism Hypertension, January 1, 2007; 49(1): 155 - 161. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. W. Rajapakse, G. A. Eppel, R. E. Widdop, and R. G. Evans ANG II type 2 receptors and neural control of intrarenal blood flow Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, December 1, 2006; 291(6): R1669 - R1676. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Imanishi, K. Kobayashi, A. Kuroi, S. Mochizuki, M. Goto, K. Yoshida, and T. Akasaka Effects of Angiotensin II on NO Bioavailability Evaluated Using a Catheter-Type NO Sensor Hypertension, December 1, 2006; 48(6): 1058 - 1065. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Yayama, H. Hiyoshi, D. Imazu, and H. Okamoto Angiotensin II Stimulates Endothelial NO Synthase Phosphorylation in Thoracic Aorta of Mice With Abdominal Aortic Banding Via Type 2 Receptor Hypertension, November 1, 2006; 48(5): 958 - 964. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M.-Z. Zhang, B. Yao, H.-F. Cheng, S.-W. Wang, T. Inagami, and R. C. Harris Renal cortical cyclooxygenase 2 expression is differentially regulated by angiotensin II AT1 and AT2 receptors PNAS, October 24, 2006; 103(43): 16045 - 16050. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Maitland, L. Bridges, W. P. Davis, J. Loscalzo, and M. A. Pointer Different Effects of Angiotensin Receptor Blockade on End-Organ Damage in Salt-Dependent and Salt-Independent Hypertension Circulation, August 29, 2006; 114(9): 905 - 911. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. C. Hakam and T. Hussain Angiotensin II AT2 receptors inhibit proximal tubular Na+-K+-ATPase activity via a NO/cGMP-dependent pathway Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, June 1, 2006; 290(6): F1430 - F1436. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. C. Hakam and T. Hussain Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Agonist Directly Inhibits Proximal Tubule Sodium Pump Activity in Obese But Not in Lean Zucker Rats Hypertension, June 1, 2006; 47(6): 1117 - 1124. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Nickenig, J. Ostergren, and H. Struijker-Boudier Clinical Evidence for the Cardiovascular Benefits of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, March 1, 2006; 7(1_suppl): S1 - S7. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. H. Padia, N. L. Howell, H. M. Siragy, and R. M. Carey Renal Angiotensin Type 2 Receptors Mediate Natriuresis Via Angiotensin III in the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor-Blocked Rat Hypertension, March 1, 2006; 47(3): 537 - 544. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. C. Hakam, A. H. Siddiqui, and T. Hussain Renal angiotensin II AT2 receptors promote natriuresis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, February 1, 2006; 290(2): F503 - F508. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. L Chappellaz and F. G Smith Dose-dependent systemic and renal haemodynamic effects of angiotensin II in conscious lambs: role of angiotensin AT1 and AT2 receptors Exp Physiol, November 1, 2005; 90(6): 837 - 845. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. W. Rajapakse, A. K. Sampson, G. A. Eppel, and R. G. Evans Angiotensin II and nitric oxide in neural control of intrarenal blood flow Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, September 1, 2005; 289(3): R745 - R754. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Guimaraes and H. Pinheiro Functional evidence that in the cardiovascular system AT1 angiotensin II receptors are AT1B prejunctionally and AT1A postjunctionally Cardiovasc Res, August 1, 2005; 67(2): 208 - 215. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A. Banday, A. H. Siddiqui, M. M. Menezes, and T. Hussain Insulin treatment enhances AT1 receptor function in OK cells Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, June 1, 2005; 288(6): F1213 - F1219. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C.-C. Juan, Y. Chien, L.-Y. Wu, W.-M. Yang, C.-L. Chang, Y.-H. Lai, P.-H. Ho, C. F. Kwok, and L.-T. Ho Angiotensin II Enhances Insulin Sensitivity in Vitro and in Vivo Endocrinology, May 1, 2005; 146(5): 2246 - 2254. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. M. Carey Cardiovascular and Renal Regulation by the Angiotensin Type 2 Receptor: The AT2 Receptor Comes of Age Hypertension, May 1, 2005; 45(5): 840 - 844. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. S Anavekar and S. D Solomon Angiotensin II receptor blockade and ventricular remodelling Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, March 1, 2005; 6(1): 43 - 48. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. C. Hakam and T. Hussain Renal Angiotensin II Type-2 Receptors Are Upregulated and Mediate the Candesartan-Induced Natriuresis/Diuresis in Obese Zucker Rats Hypertension, February 1, 2005; 45(2): 270 - 275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. Campbell, H. Krum, and M. D. Esler Losartan Increases Bradykinin Levels in Hypertensive Humans Circulation, January 25, 2005; 111(3): 315 - 320. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Kuznetsova, J. A. Staessen, L. Thijs, C. Kunath, A. Olszanecka, A. Ryabikov, V. Tikhonoff, K. Stolarz, G. Bianchi, E. Casiglia, et al. Left Ventricular Mass in Relation to Genetic Variation in Angiotensin II Receptors, Renin System Genes, and Sodium Excretion Circulation, October 26, 2004; 110(17): 2644 - 2650. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Azizi and J. Menard Combined Blockade of the Renin-Angiotensin System With Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Antagonists Circulation, June 1, 2004; 109(21): 2492 - 2499. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Wang, S. Gallinat, H.-w. Li, C. Sumners, M. K. Raizada, and M. J. Katovich Elevated blood pressure in normotensive rats produced by 'knockdown' of the angiotensin type 2 receptor Exp Physiol, May 1, 2004; 89(3): 313 - 322. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Yayama, M. Horii, H. Hiyoshi, M. Takano, H. Okamoto, S. Kagota, and M. Kunitomo Up-Regulation of Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor in Rat Thoracic Aorta by Pressure-Overload J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., February 1, 2004; 308(2): 736 - 743. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. P Collister and M. D Hendel Subfornical organ lesion attenuates chronic hypotensive effects of losartan in salt-replete rats Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, December 1, 2003; 4(4): 207 - 212. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Lopez, M. G. Salom, B. Arregui, F. Valero, and F. J. Fenoy Role of Superoxide in Modulating the Renal Effects of Angiotensin II Hypertension, December 1, 2003; 42(6): 1150 - 1156. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Wamberg, R. R. Plovsing, N. C. F. Sandgaard, and P. Bie Effects of different angiotensins during acute, double blockade of the renin system in conscious dogs Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, November 1, 2003; 285(5): R971 - R980. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. B. Helou, M. Imbert-Teboul, A. Doucet, R. Rajerison, C. Chollet, F. Alhenc-Gelas, and J. Marchetti Angiotensin receptor subtypes in thin and muscular juxtamedullary efferent arterioles of rat kidney Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, September 1, 2003; 285(3): F507 - F514. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. M. Duke, G. A. Eppel, R. E. Widdop, and R. G. Evans Disparate Roles of AT2 Receptors in the Renal Cortical and Medullary Circulations of Anesthetized Rabbits Hypertension, August 1, 2003; 42(2): 200 - 205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Nishimura, Y. Yang, C. Hubert, J.-M. Gasc, K. Ruijtenbeek, J. De Mey, H. A. J. S. Boudier, and P. Corvol Maturation-dependent changes of angiotensin receptor expression in fowl Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, July 1, 2003; 285(1): R231 - R242. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. M. Carey and H. M. Siragy Newly Recognized Components of the Renin-Angiotensin System: Potential Roles in Cardiovascular and Renal Regulation Endocr. Rev., June 1, 2003; 24(3): 261 - 271. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. L. Lavoie and C. D. Sigmund Minireview: Overview of the Renin-Angiotensin System--An Endocrine and Paracrine System Endocrinology, June 1, 2003; 144(6): 2179 - 2183. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. C. Berk Angiotensin Type 2 Receptor (AT2R): A Challenging Twin Sci. Signal., May 6, 2003; 2003(181): pe16 - pe16. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. P. Collister and M. D. Hendel Role of the Subfornical Organ in the Chronic Hypotensive Response to Losartan in Normal Rats Hypertension, March 1, 2003; 41(3): 576 - 582. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Oishi, R. Ozono, Y. Yano, Y. Teranishi, M. Akishita, M. Horiuchi, T. Oshima, and M. Kambe Cardioprotective Role of AT2 Receptor in Postinfarction Left Ventricular Remodeling Hypertension, March 1, 2003; 41(3): 814 - 818. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Obst, V. Gross, J. Janke, M. Wellner, W. Schneider, and F. C. Luft Pressure Natriuresis in AT2 Receptor-Deficient Mice with L-NAME Hypertension J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., February 1, 2003; 14(2): 303 - 310. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. A. de Boer, Y. M. Pinto, A. J.H. Suurmeijer, S. Pokharel, E. Scholtens, M. Humler, J. M. Saavedra, F. Boomsma, W. H. van Gilst, and D. J. van Veldhuisen Increased expression of cardiac angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptors decreases myocardial microvessel density after experimental myocardial infarction Cardiovasc Res, February 1, 2003; 57(2): 434 - 442. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Nakamura, D. B. Averill, M. C. Chappell, D. I. Diz, K. B. Brosnihan, and C. M. Ferrario Angiotensin receptors contribute to blood pressure homeostasis in salt-depleted SHR Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, January 1, 2003; 284(1): R164 - R173. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Murphey, D. Vaughan, and N. Brown Contribution of bradykinin to the cardioprotective effects of ACE inhibitors Eur. Heart J. Suppl., January 1, 2003; 5(suppl_A): A37 - A41. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Wolf The road not taken': role of angiotensin II type 2 receptor in pathophysiology Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., February 1, 2002; 17(2): 195 - 198. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. W Manning, L. A Cassis, J. Huang, S. J Szilvassy, and A. Daugherty Abdominal aortic aneurysms: fresh insights from a novel animal model of the disease Vascular Medicine, February 1, 2002; 7(1): 45 - 54. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Nickenig and D. G. Harrison The AT1-Type Angiotensin Receptor in Oxidative Stress and Atherogenesis: Part I: Oxidative Stress and Atherogenesis Circulation, January 22, 2002; 105(3): 393 - 396. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Wu, M. Iwai, H. Nakagami, R. Chen, J. Suzuki, M. Akishita, M. de Gasparo, and M. Horiuchi Effect of Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockade on Cardiac Remodeling in Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Null Mice Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, January 1, 2002; 22(1): 49 - 54. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Takekoshi, K. Ishii, S. Shibuya, Y. Kawakami, K. Isobe, and T. Nakai Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Counter-Regulates Type 1 Receptor in Catecholamine Synthesis in Cultured Porcine Adrenal Medullary Chromaffin Cells Hypertension, January 1, 2002; 39(1): 142 - 148. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Uhlenius, O. Vuolteenaho, and I. Tikkanen Renin-angiotensin blockade improves renal cGMP production via non-AT2-receptor mediated mechanisms in hypertension-induced by chronic NOS inhibition in rat Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, December 1, 2001; 2(4): 233 - 239. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Shimizu-Hirota, H. Sasamura, M. Mifune, H. Nakaya, M. Kuroda, M. Hayashi, and T. Saruta Regulation of Vascular Proteoglycan Synthesis by Angiotensin II Type 1 and Type 2 Receptors J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., December 1, 2001; 12(12): 2609 - 2615. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Berry, R. Touyz, A. F. Dominiczak, R. C. Webb, and D. G. Johns Angiotensin receptors: signaling, vascular pathophysiology, and interactions with ceramide Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 2001; 281(6): H2337 - H2365. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. M. Carey, N. L. Howell, X.-H. Jin, and H. M. Siragy Angiotensin Type 2 Receptor-Mediated Hypotension in Angiotensin Type-1 Receptor-Blocked Rats Hypertension, December 1, 2001; 38(6): 1272 - 1277. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Deinum, J. M.G. van Gool, M. J.M. Kofflard, F. J. ten Cate, and A.H. J. Danser Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptors and Cardiac Hypertrophy in Women With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Hypertension, December 1, 2001; 38(6): 1278 - 1281. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. K. Handa, S. E. Handa, and M. K. S. Elgemark Autoradiographic analysis and regulation of angiotensin receptor subtypes AT4, AT1, and AT(1---7) in the kidney Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, November 1, 2001; 281(5): F936 - F947. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. M. Siragy, M. de Gasparo, M. El-Kersh, and R. M. Carey Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition Potentiates Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Effects on Renal Bradykinin and cGMP Hypertension, August 1, 2001; 38(2): 183 - 186. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Takekoshi, K. Ishii, Y. Kawakami, K. Isobe, and T. Nakai Activation of Angiotensin II Subtype 2 Receptor Induces Catecholamine Release in an Extracellular Ca2+-Dependent Manner through a Decrease of Cyclic Guanosine 3',5'-Monophosphate Production in Cultured Porcine Adrenal Medullary Chromaffin Cells Endocrinology, July 1, 2001; 142(7): 3075 - 3086. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Varagic, D. Susic, and E. D. Frohlich Coronary Hemodynamic and Ventricular Responses to Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor Inhibition in SHR : Interaction With Angiotensin Type 2 Receptors Hypertension, June 1, 2001; 37(6): 1399 - 1403. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Ceolotto, R. Valente, E. Baritono, S. Reato, E. Iori, A. Monari, R. Trevisan, and A. Semplicini Effect of Insulin and Angiotensin II on Cell Calcium in Human Skin Fibroblasts Hypertension, June 1, 2001; 37(6): 1486 - 1491. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Zhu, C. Sumners, C. H. Gelband, and P. Posner Chronotropic Effect of Angiotensin II via Type 2 Receptors in Rat Brain Neurons J Neurophysiol, May 1, 2001; 85(5): 2177 - 2183. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Ruiz-Ortega, O. Lorenzo, M. Ruperez, J. Blanco, and J. Egido Systemic Infusion of Angiotensin II into Normal Rats Activates Nuclear Factor-{{kappa}}B and AP-1 in the Kidney : Role of AT1 and AT2 Receptors Am. J. Pathol., May 1, 2001; 158(5): 1743 - 1756. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. M Coffman, L. P Audoly, and M. I Oliverio Review: Gene targeting studies of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptors Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, March 1, 2001; 2(1_suppl): S10 - S15. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. J Arendshorst Review: Lessons on renal function from transgenic mice lacking different angiotensin II receptors Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, March 1, 2001; 2(1_suppl): S167 - S175. [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. de Gasparo, K. J. Catt, T. Inagami, J. W. Wright, and Th. Unger International Union of Pharmacology. XXIII. The Angiotensin II Receptors Pharmacol. Rev., September 1, 2000; 52(3): 415 - 472. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|