(Hypertension. 2000;35:173.)
© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.
Workshop |
Ion Channels and Vascular Tone
From the Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Mich.
Correspondence to Dr William F. Jackson, Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, 3169 Wood Hall, Kalamazoo, MI 49008. E-mail jackson{at}wmich.edu
Abstract—Ion channels in the plasma membrane of vascular muscle cells that form the walls of resistance arteries and arterioles play a central role in the regulation of vascular tone. Current evidence indicates that vascular smooth muscle cells express at least 4 different types of K+ channels, 1 to 2 types of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, 
2 types of Cl- channels, store-operated Ca+ (SOC) channels, and stretch-activated cation (SAC) channels in their plasma membranes, all of which may be involved in the regulation of vascular tone. Calcium influx through voltage-gated Ca2+, SOC, and SAC channels provides a major source of activator Ca2+ used by resistance arteries and arterioles. In addition, K+ and Cl- channels and the Ca2+ channels mentioned previously all are involved in the determination of the membrane potential of these cells. Membrane potential is a key variable that not only regulates Ca+2 influx through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, but also influences release of Ca2+ from internal stores and Ca2+- sensitivity of the contractile apparatus. By controlling Ca2+ delivery and membrane potential, ion channels are involved in all aspects of the generation and regulation of vascular tone.
Key Words: muscle, smooth, vascular • arterioles • potassium channels • calcium channels • vascular resistance • vasoconstriction
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