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(Hypertension. 2000;35:838.)
© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.
Scientific Contributions |
Progressive Resistance Exercise and Resting Blood Pressure
A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
From the Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education (G.A.K.) and Office for Health Promotion (K.S.K.), Northern Illinois University, De Kalb.
Correspondence to Dr George A. Kelley, Meta-Analytic Research Group, Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Anderson Hall, Room 233, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115-2854. E-mail gkelley{at}niu.edu
Abstract—Hypertension is a major
public health problem affecting an estimated 43 million civilian,
noninstitutionalized adults in the United States (24% of this
population). The purpose of this study was to use the
meta-analytic approach to examine the effects of progressive resistance
exercise on resting systolic and diastolic blood
pressure in adult humans. Studies were retrieved via (1) computerized
literature searches, (2) cross-referencing from original and review
articles, and (3) review of the reference list by 2 experts on exercise
and blood pressure. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) trials that
included a randomized nonexercise control group; (2) progressive
resistance exercise as the only intervention; (3) adult humans; (4)
journal articles, dissertations, and masters theses published in the
English-language literature; (5) studies published and indexed between
January 1966 and December 1998; (6) resting systolic and/or
diastolic blood pressure assessed; and (7) training studies
lasting a minimum of 4 weeks. Across all designs and categories,
fixed-effects modeling yielded decreases of 
2% and 4% for resting
systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively
(mean±SD systolic, -3±3 mm Hg; 95% bootstrap CI, -4
to -1 mm Hg; mean±SD diastolic, -3±2 mm Hg;
95% bootstrap CI, -4 to -1 mm Hg). It was concluded that
progressive resistance exercise is efficacious for reducing resting
systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults.
However, a need exists for additional studies that limit enrollment to
hypertensive subjects as well as analysis of data with an
intention-to-treat approach before the effectiveness of progressive
resistance exercise as a nonpharmacological intervention can be
determined.
Key Words: exercise • blood pressure • meta-analysis
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