(Hypertension. 2000;36:20.)
© 2000 American Heart Association, Inc.
Scientific Contributions |
Differentiated Long-Term Effects of Intentional Weight Loss on Diabetes and Hypertension
From the Departments of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (C.D.S.) and Medicine (M.P., L.S.), University of Göteborg, and the Nordic School of Public Health (H.W.), Göteborg, Sweden.
Abstract—The beneficial effects of weight loss in the obese have been widely accepted. Still, there is a lack of controlled studies displaying large maintained weight losses over long periods (>4 years). We wanted to examine the results of long-standing intentional weight loss on the development of diabetes and hypertension in severely obese individuals over an 8-year period. In the ongoing prospective Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study, 346 patients awaiting gastric surgery were matched with 346 obese control subjects on 18 variables by a computerized matching program. The controls were drawn from a registry consisting of 1508 obese potential controls examined at primary health care centers in Sweden. Of the 692 selected patients (body mass index 41.2±4.7 kg/m2 [mean±SD]), 483 (70%) were followed for 8 years. No significant weight changes occurred in the obese control group over 8 years. Gastric surgery resulted in a maximum weight loss of -31.1±13.6 kg after 1 year. After 8 years, the maintained weight loss was still 20.1±15.7 kg (16.3±12.3%). Whereas this weight reduction had a dramatic effect on the 8-year incidence of diabetes (odds ratio 0.16, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.36), it had no effect on the 8-year incidence of hypertension (odds ratio 1.01, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.67). A differentiated risk factor response was identified: a maintained weight reduction of 16% strongly counteracted the development of diabetes over 8 years but showed no long-term effect on the incidence of hypertension.
Key Words: obesity • hypertension, essential • diabetes mellitus • weight control • clinical trials
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