(Hypertension. 2001;37:194.)
© 2001 American Heart Association, Inc.
Scientific Contributions |
Effects of Smoking Cessation on Changes in Blood Pressure and Incidence of Hypertension
A 4-Year Follow-Up Study
From the Department of Preventive Medicine (D.-H.L.), College of Medicine, Kosin University, Pusan, Korea; Health Care Center (M.-H.H.), Pohang Steel Company, Pohang, Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine (J.-R.K.), College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju, Korea; and Division of Epidemiology (D.R.J.), School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
Correspondence to Duk-Hee Lee, MD, Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Kosin University, 34 Amnam-Dong, Suh-Gu, Pusan, Korea 602-702. E-mail ducky{at}ns.kosinmed.or.kr
Abstract—We performed the
present study to investigate the effects of smoking cessation on
changes in blood pressure and incidence of hypertension. We evaluated
8170 healthy male employees at a steel manufacturing company who had
received occupational health examinations at the company’s health care
center in 1994 and were reexamined in 1998. Adjustment covariates were
the baseline age, body mass index, cigarette smoking, alcohol
consumption, exercise, family history of hypertension, systolic
or diastolic blood pressure, and changes in body mass index
and alcohol consumption during the follow-up period. The adjusted
relative risks of hypertension in those who had quit smoking for <1, 1
to 3, and 
3 years were 0.6 (95% CI 0.2 to 1.9), 1.5 (95% CI 0.8 to
2.8), and 3.5 (95% CI 1.7 to 7.4), respectively, compared with current
smokers. The trends for increased risk of hypertension for longer
periods of smoking cessation were observed in subgroups of those who
maintained weight as well as those who gained weight after smoking
cessation. The adjusted increments in both systolic and
diastolic blood pressure were higher in those who had quit
for 1 year than in current smokers. These trends among weight losers,
as well as gainers and maintainers, were similar. We observed
progressive increases in blood pressure with the prolongation of
cessation in men, although at this time the mechanism remains unknown
and must be clarified. This study implies that the cessation of smoking
may result in increases in blood pressure, hypertension, or both.
Key Words: smoking • blood pressure • hypertension • body weight
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