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(Hypertension. 2001;38:317.)
© 2001 American Heart Association, Inc.

Scientific Contributions

Effect of Salt Intake on Renal Excretion of Water in Humans

Feng J. He; Nirmala D. Markandu; Giuseppe A. Sagnella; Graham A. MacGregor

Blood Pressure Unit, St George’s Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom.

Correspondence to Professor G.A. MacGregor, Blood Pressure Unit, St George’s Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UKx. E-mail g.macgregor{at}sghms.ac.uk

Abstract—— Two studies were performed to determine the quantitative relationship between salt intake and urinary volume (U_v) in humans. In study 1, 104 untreated hypertensives were studied on the fifth day of a high- and a low-salt diet. The 24-hour U_v was 2.2 L (urinary sodium [U_Na] 277 mmol) on the high-salt diet and decreased to 1.3 L (P<0.001) (U_Na 20.8 mmol) on the low-salt diet. The reduction in 24-hour U_v was significantly related to the decrease in 24-hour U_Na (P<0.001) and predicts that a 100-mmol/d reduction in salt intake would decrease 24-hour U_v by 367 mL. In study 2, 634 untreated hypertensives were studied on their usual diet. There was a significant relationship between 24-hour U_v and U_Na (P<0.001). This predicts that a 100-mmol/d reduction in salt intake would decrease 24-hour U_v by 454 mL. The International Study of Salt and Blood Pressure (INTERSALT) of 1731 hypertensives and 8343 normotensives on their usual diet showed that 24-hour U_v was significantly related to U_Na (P<0.001) and predicted that a 100-mmol/d reduction in salt intake would decrease 24-hour U_v by 379 and 399 mL in hypertensives and normotensives, respectively. These findings document the important effect that salt intake has on U_v. The recommended reduction in salt intake in the general population is from 10 to 5 g/d. This would reduce fluid intake in the population by 350 mL/d per person. This would have a large impact on the sales of soft drinks, mineral water, and beer.

Key Words: sodium, dietary • urinary volume • human

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