Hypertension. 2001;38:932-937
doi: 10.1161/hy1001.096106
doi: 10.1161/hy1001.096106
(Hypertension. 2001;38:932.)
© 2001 American Heart Association, Inc.
Fourth Workshop on Structure and Function of Large Arteries |
Prospective Evaluation of a Method for Estimating Ascending Aortic Pressure From the Radial Artery Pressure Waveform
From the Anesthesiology Department (A.L.P) and Cardiothoracic Surgery (N.D.K.), Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; St. Vincent’s Clinic/University of New South Wales (M.F.O.), Sydney, Australia.
Correspondence to Michael F. O’Rourke, Professor of Medicine, Medical Professorial Unit, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Victoria St, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia. E-mail M.ORourke{at}unsw.edu.au
Abstract
Abstract—— Pressure wave reflection in the upper limb causes amplification of the arterial pulse so that radial systolic and pulse pressures are greater than in the ascending aorta. Wave transmission properties in the upper limbs (in contrast to the descending aorta and lower limbs) change little with age, disease, and drug therapy in adult humans. Such consistency has led to use of a generalized transfer function to synthesize the ascending aortic pressure pulse from the radial pulse. Validity of this approach was tested for estimation of aortic systolic, diastolic, pulse, and mean pressures from the radial pressure waveform. Ascending aortic and radial pressure waveforms were recorded simultaneously at cardiac surgery, before initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass, with matched, fluid-filled manometer systems in 62 patients under control conditions and during nitroglycerin infusion. Aortic pressure pulse waves, generated from the radial pulse, showed agreement with the measured aortic pulse waves with respect to systolic, diastolic, pulse, and mean pressures, with mean differences <1 mm Hg. Control differences in Bland-Altman plots for mean±SD in mm Hg were systolic, 0.0±4.4; diastolic, 0.6±1.7; pulse, -0.7±4.2; and mean pressure, -0.5±2.0. For nitroglycerin infusion, differences respectively were systolic, -0.2±4.3; diastolic, 0.6±1.7; pulse, -0.8±4.1; and mean pressure, -0.4±1.8. Differences were within specified limits of the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation SP10 criteria. In contrast, differences between recorded radial and aortic systolic and pulse pressures were well outside the criteria (respectively, 15.7±8.4 and 16.3±8.5 for control and 14.5±7.3 and 15.1±7.3 mm Hg for nitroglycerin). Use of a generalized transfer function to synthesize radial artery pressure waveforms can provide substantially equivalent values of aortic systolic, pulse, mean, and diastolic pressures.
Key Words: aorta • blood pressure monitoring • hemodynamics • nitroglycerin
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  M. Namasivayam, B. J. McDonnell, C. M. McEniery, M. F. O'Rourke, and on behalf of the Anglo-Cardiff Collaborative Trial Does Wave Reflection Dominate Age-Related Change in Aortic Blood Pressure Across the Human Life Span? Hypertension, June 1, 2009; 53(6): 979 - 985. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Yaron, Y. Greenman, J. B Rosenfeld, E. Izkhakov, R. Limor, E. Osher, G. Shenkerman, K. Tordjman, and N. Stern Effect of testosterone replacement therapy on arterial stiffness in older hypogonadal men Eur. J. Endocrinol., May 1, 2009; 160(5): 839 - 846. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Vlachopoulos, P. Xaplanteris, N. Alexopoulos, K. Aznaouridis, C. Vasiliadou, K. Baou, E. Stefanadi, and C. Stefanadis Divergent Effects of Laughter and Mental Stress on Arterial Stiffness and Central Hemodynamics Psychosom Med, May 1, 2009; 71(4): 446 - 453. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. E. O'Donnell, S. A. Badger, M. A. Sharif, R. R. Makar, I. S. Young, B. Lee, and C.V. Soong The Vascular and Biochemical Effects of Cilostazol in Diabetic Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, April 1, 2009; 43(2): 132 - 143. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. McEniery, B. J. McDonnell, A. So, S. Aitken, C. E. Bolton, M. Munnery, S. S. Hickson, Yasmin, K. M. Maki-Petaja, J. R. Cockcroft, et al. Aortic Calcification Is Associated With Aortic Stiffness and Isolated Systolic Hypertension in Healthy Individuals Hypertension, March 1, 2009; 53(3): 524 - 531. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Kohler, J. C. T. Pepperell, B. Casadei, S. Craig, N. Crosthwaite, J. R. Stradling, and R. J. O. Davies CPAP and measures of cardiovascular risk in males with OSAS Eur. Respir. J., December 1, 2008; 32(6): 1488 - 1496. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. S. Heffernan, S. Y. Jae, K. R. Wilund, J. A. Woods, and B. Fernhall Racial differences in central blood pressure and vascular function in young men Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, December 1, 2008; 295(6): H2380 - H2387. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Chirinos, R. David, J. A. Bralley, H. Zea-Diaz, E. Munoz-Atahualpa, F. Corrales-Medina, C. Cuba-Bustinza, J. Chirinos-Pacheco, and J. Medina-Lezama Endogenous Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors, Arterial Hemodynamics, and Subclinical Vascular Disease: The PREVENCION Study Hypertension, December 1, 2008; 52(6): 1051 - 1059. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Kohler, S. Craig, D. Nicoll, P. Leeson, R. J. O. Davies, and J. R. Stradling Endothelial Function and Arterial Stiffness in Minimally Symptomatic Obstructive Sleep Apnea Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., November 1, 2008; 178(9): 984 - 988. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. D. Smith and P. J. Levy Review: New techniques for assessment of vascular function Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease, October 1, 2008; 2(5): 373 - 385. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. G. Edwards, M. S. Roy, and R. Y. Prasad Wave reflection augments central systolic and pulse pressures during facial cooling Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, June 1, 2008; 294(6): H2535 - H2539. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. McEniery, Yasmin, B. McDonnell, M. Munnery, S. M. Wallace, C. V. Rowe, J. R. Cockcroft, I. B. Wilkinson, and on Behalf of the Anglo-Cardiff Collaborative Trial Central Pressure: Variability and Impact of Cardiovascular Risk Factors: The Anglo-Cardiff Collaborative Trial II Hypertension, June 1, 2008; 51(6): 1476 - 1482. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Avolio Central Aortic Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Risk: A Paradigm Shift? Hypertension, June 1, 2008; 51(6): 1470 - 1471. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Macedo, D. Luminoso, M. D. Savvidou, C. M. McEniery, and K. H. Nicolaides Maternal Wave Reflections and Arterial Stiffness in Normal Pregnancy as Assessed by Applanation Tonometry Hypertension, April 1, 2008; 51(4): 1047 - 1051. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. P Schneider, C. Delles, A. U Klingbeil, M. Ludwig, R. E Kolloch, M. Krekler, K. O Stumpe, and R. E Schmieder Effect of angiotensin receptor blockade on central haemodynamics in essential hypertension: results of a randomised trial Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, March 1, 2008; 9(1): 49 - 56. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Shimizu and K. Kario Review: Role of the augmentation index in hypertension Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease, February 1, 2008; 2(1): 25 - 35. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. G. Edwards, C. R. Mastin, and R. W. Kenefick Wave reflection and central aortic pressure are increased in response to static and dynamic muscle contraction at comparable workloads J Appl Physiol, February 1, 2008; 104(2): 439 - 445. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. U. Zimmerli, E. Schiffer, P. Zurbig, D. M. Good, M. Kellmann, L. Mouls, A. R. Pitt, J. J. Coon, R. E. Schmieder, K. H. Peter, et al. Urinary Proteomic Biomarkers in Coronary Artery Disease Mol. Cell. Proteomics, February 1, 2008; 7(2): 290 - 298. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Osranek, J. H. Eisenach, B. K. Khandheria, K. Chandrasekaran, J. B. Seward, and M. Belohlavek Arterioventricular Coupling and Ventricular Efficiency After Antihypertensive Therapy: A Noninvasive Prospective Study Hypertension, February 1, 2008; 51(2): 275 - 281. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Qasem and A. Avolio Determination of Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity From Waveform Decomposition of the Central Aortic Pressure Pulse Hypertension, February 1, 2008; 51(2): 188 - 195. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. S. DeLoach and R. R. Townsend Vascular Stiffness: Its Measurement and Significance for Epidemiologic and Outcome Studies Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., January 1, 2008; 3(1): 184 - 192. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. P. Casey, D. T. Beck, and R. W. Braith Progressive Resistance Training Without Volume Increases Does Not Alter Arterial Stiffness and Aortic Wave Reflection Experimental Biology and Medicine, October 1, 2007; 232(9): 1228 - 1235. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Crilly, C. Coch, M. Bruce, H. Clark, and D. Williams Indices of cardiovascular function derived from peripheral pulse wave analysis using radial applanation tonometry: a measurement repeatability study Vascular Medicine, August 1, 2007; 12(3): 189 - 197. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Roman, R. B. Devereux, J. R. Kizer, E. T. Lee, J. M. Galloway, T. Ali, J. G. Umans, and B. V. Howard Central Pressure More Strongly Relates to Vascular Disease and Outcome Than Does Brachial Pressure: The Strong Heart Study Hypertension, July 1, 2007; 50(1): 197 - 203. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Agabiti-Rosei, G. Mancia, M. F. O'Rourke, M. J. Roman, M. E. Safar, H. Smulyan, J.-G. Wang, I. B. Wilkinson, B. Williams, and C. Vlachopoulos Central Blood Pressure Measurements and Antihypertensive Therapy: A Consensus Document Hypertension, July 1, 2007; 50(1): 154 - 160. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Sabit, C. E. Bolton, P. H. Edwards, R. J. Pettit, W. D. Evans, C. M. McEniery, I. B. Wilkinson, J. R. Cockcroft, and D. J. Shale Arterial Stiffness and Osteoporosis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., June 15, 2007; 175(12): 1259 - 1265. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Schillaci, G. Parati, M. Pirro, G. Pucci, M. R. Mannarino, L. Sperandini, and E. Mannarino Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index Is Not a Specific Marker of Reduced Arterial Compliance Hypertension, May 1, 2007; 49(5): 986 - 991. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. J. Kullo and A. R. Malik Arterial Ultrasonography and Tonometry as Adjuncts to Cardiovascular Risk Stratification J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., April 3, 2007; 49(13): 1413 - 1426. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Zineh, A. L. Beitelshees, and M. J. Haller NOS3 Polymorphisms Are Associated With Arterial Stiffness in Children With Type 1 Diabetes Diabetes Care, March 1, 2007; 30(3): 689 - 693. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Schillaci, M. R. Mannarino, G. Pucci, M. Pirro, J. Helou, G. Savarese, G. Vaudo, and E. Mannarino Age-Specific Relationship of Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity With Left Ventricular Geometry and Function in Hypertension Hypertension, February 1, 2007; 49(2): 317 - 321. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Laurent, J. Cockcroft, L. Van Bortel, P. Boutouyrie, C. Giannattasio, D. Hayoz, B. Pannier, C. Vlachopoulos, I. Wilkinson, H. Struijker-Boudier, et al. Expert consensus document on arterial stiffness: methodological issues and clinical applications Eur. Heart J., November 1, 2006; 27(21): 2588 - 2605. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T Weber, J Auer, M F O'Rourke, C Punzengruber, E Kvas, and B Eber Prolonged mechanical systole and increased arterial wave reflections in diastolic dysfunction Heart, November 1, 2006; 92(11): 1616 - 1622. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. J. Stok, B. E. Westerhof, and J. M. Karemaker Changes in finger-aorta pressure transfer function during and after exercise J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2006; 101(4): 1207 - 1214. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. McEniery, S. Wallace, I. S. Mackenzie, B. McDonnell, Yasmin, D. E. Newby, J. R. Cockcroft, and I. B. Wilkinson Endothelial Function Is Associated With Pulse Pressure, Pulse Wave Velocity, and Augmentation Index in Healthy Humans Hypertension, October 1, 2006; 48(4): 602 - 608. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Schillaci, M. Pirro, M. R. Mannarino, G. Pucci, G. Savarese, S. S. Franklin, and E. Mannarino Relation Between Renal Function Within the Normal Range and Central and Peripheral Arterial Stiffness in Hypertension Hypertension, October 1, 2006; 48(4): 616 - 621. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. W. Nichols, J. C. Estrada, R. W. Braith, K. Owens, and C. R. Conti Enhanced External Counterpulsation Treatment Improves Arterial Wall Properties and Wave Reflection Characteristics in Patients With Refractory Angina J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 19, 2006; 48(6): 1208 - 1214. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. M. Maki-Petaja, F. C. Hall, A. D. Booth, S. M.L. Wallace, Yasmin, P. W.P. Bearcroft, S. Harish, A. Furlong, C. M. McEniery, J. Brown, et al. Rheumatoid Arthritis Is Associated With Increased Aortic Pulse-Wave Velocity, Which Is Reduced by Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Therapy Circulation, September 12, 2006; 114(11): 1185 - 1192. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Yasmin, C. M. McEniery, K. M. O'Shaughnessy, P. Harnett, A. Arshad, S. Wallace, K. Maki-Petaja, B. McDonnell, M. J. Ashby, J. Brown, et al. Variation in the Human Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Gene Is Associated With Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Individuals Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., August 1, 2006; 26(8): 1799 - 1805. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. F. O'Rourke and J. B. Seward Central Arterial Pressure and Arterial Pressure Pulse: New Views Entering the Second Century After Korotkov Mayo Clin. Proc., August 1, 2006; 81(8): 1057 - 1068. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. T. Kielstein, F. Donnerstag, S. Gasper, J. Menne, A. Kielstein, J. Martens-Lobenhoffer, F. Scalera, J. P. Cooke, D. Fliser, and S. M. Bode-Boger ADMA Increases Arterial Stiffness and Decreases Cerebral Blood Flow in Humans Stroke, August 1, 2006; 37(8): 2024 - 2029. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Vlachopoulos, N. Alexopoulos, I. Dima, K. Aznaouridis, I. Andreadou, and C. Stefanadis Acute Effect of Black and Green Tea on Aortic Stiffness and Wave Reflections J. Am. Coll. Nutr., June 1, 2006; 25(3): 216 - 223. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. E. Sharman, R. Lim, A. M. Qasem, J. S. Coombes, M. I. Burgess, J. Franco, P. Garrahy, I. B. Wilkinson, and T. H. Marwick Validation of a Generalized Transfer Function to Noninvasively Derive Central Blood Pressure During Exercise Hypertension, June 1, 2006; 47(6): 1203 - 1208. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. G. Edwards, A. L. Gauthier, M. A. Hayman, J. T. Lang, and R. W. Kenefick Acute effects of cold exposure on central aortic wave reflection J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2006; 100(4): 1210 - 1214. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
The CAFE Investigators, for the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial, CAFE Steering Committee and Writing Committee, B. Williams, P. S. Lacy, S. M. Thom, K. Cruickshank, A. Stanton, D. Collier, A. D. Hughes, et al. Differential Impact of Blood Pressure-Lowering Drugs on Central Aortic Pressure and Clinical Outcomes: Principal Results of the Conduit Artery Function Evaluation (CAFE) Study Circulation, March 7, 2006; 113(9): 1213 - 1225. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Vlachopoulos, F. Kosmopoulou, N. Alexopoulos, N. Ioakeimidis, G. Siasos, and C. Stefanadis Acute mental stress has a prolonged unfavorable effect on arterial stiffness and wave reflections. Psychosom Med, March 1, 2006; 68(2): 231 - 237. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Li, J.-G. Wang, E. Dolan, P.-J. Gao, H.-F. Guo, T. Nawrot, A. V. Stanton, D.-L. Zhu, E. O'Brien, and J. A. Staessen Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index Derived From 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring Hypertension, March 1, 2006; 47(3): 359 - 364. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Weber, J. Auer, M. F. O'Rourke, E. Kvas, E. Lassnig, G. Lamm, N. Stark, M. Rammer, and B. Eber Increased arterial wave reflections predict severe cardiovascular events in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions Eur. Heart J., December 2, 2005; 26(24): 2657 - 2663. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. McEniery, Yasmin, I. R. Hall, A. Qasem, I. B. Wilkinson, J. R. Cockcroft, and on behalf of the ACCT Investigators Normal Vascular Aging: Differential Effects on Wave Reflection and Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity: The Anglo-Cardiff Collaborative Trial (ACCT) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., November 1, 2005; 46(9): 1753 - 1760. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Schillaci, G. V.L. De Socio, M. Pirro, G. Savarese, M. R. Mannarino, F. Baldelli, G. Stagni, and E. Mannarino Impact of Treatment With Protease Inhibitors on Aortic Stiffness in Adult Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., November 1, 2005; 25(11): 2381 - 2385. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A L Pauca, N D Kon, and M F O'Rourke Benefit of glyceryl trinitrate on arterial stiffness is directly due to effects on peripheral arteries Heart, November 1, 2005; 91(11): 1428 - 1432. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Vlachopoulos, I. Dima, K. Aznaouridis, C. Vasiliadou, N. Ioakeimidis, C. Aggeli, M. Toutouza, and C. Stefanadis Acute Systemic Inflammation Increases Arterial Stiffness and Decreases Wave Reflections in Healthy Individuals Circulation, October 4, 2005; 112(14): 2193 - 2200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. W. J Bogert and J. J van Lieshout Non-invasive pulsatile arterial pressure and stroke volume changes from the human finger Exp Physiol, July 1, 2005; 90(4): 437 - 446. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Verbeke, P. Segers, S. Heireman, R. Vanholder, P. Verdonck, and L. M. Van Bortel Noninvasive Assessment of Local Pulse Pressure: Importance of Brachial-to-Radial Pressure Amplification Hypertension, July 1, 2005; 46(1): 244 - 248. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. F. O'Rourke and M. E. Safar Relationship Between Aortic Stiffening and Microvascular Disease in Brain and Kidney: Cause and Logic of Therapy Hypertension, July 1, 2005; 46(1): 200 - 204. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. McEniery, Yasmin, S. Wallace, K. Maki-Petaja, B. McDonnell, J. E. Sharman, C. Retallick, S. S. Franklin, M. J. Brown, R. C. Lloyd, et al. Increased Stroke Volume and Aortic Stiffness Contribute to Isolated Systolic Hypertension in Young Adults Hypertension, July 1, 2005; 46(1): 221 - 226. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. R. Rubin, M. S. Maurer, D. J. McMahon, J. P. Bilezikian, and S. J. Silverberg Arterial Stiffness in Mild Primary Hyperparathyroidism J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2005; 90(6): 3326 - 3330. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. S. Reneman, J. M. Meinders, and A. P.G. Hoeks Non-invasive ultrasound in arterial wall dynamics in humans: what have we learned and what remains to be solved Eur. Heart J., May 2, 2005; 26(10): 960 - 966. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yasmin, S. Wallace, C. M. McEniery, Z. Dakham, P. Pusalkar, K. Maki-Petaja, M. J. Ashby, J. R. Cockcroft, and I. B. Wilkinson Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), MMP-2, and Serum Elastase Activity Are Associated With Systolic Hypertension and Arterial Stiffness Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., February 1, 2005; 25(2): 372 - 378. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Haller, M. Samyn, W. W. Nichols, T. Brusko, C. Wasserfall, R. F. Schwartz, M. Atkinson, J. J. Shuster, G. L. Pierce, and J. H. Silverstein Radial Artery Tonometry Demonstrates Arterial Stiffness in Children With Type 1 Diabetes Diabetes Care, December 1, 2004; 27(12): 2911 - 2917. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. P. Avolio, J. R. Cockcroft, and M. F. O'Rourke Use of Arterial Transfer Functions for the Derivation of Central Aortic Waveform Characteristics in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: Response to Hope et al. Diabetes Care, October 1, 2004; 27(10): 2564 - 2565. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. A. Mullan, C. N. Ennis, H. J. P. Fee, I. S. Young, and D. R. McCance Protective effects of ascorbic acid on arterial hemodynamics during acute hyperglycemia Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 2004; 287(3): H1262 - H1268. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. L. Pauca, N. D. Kon, and M. F. O'Rourke The second peak of the radial artery pressure wave represents aortic systolic pressure in hypertensive and elderly patients Br. J. Anaesth., May 1, 2004; 92(5): 651 - 657. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yasmin, C. M. McEniery, S. Wallace, I. S. Mackenzie, J. R. Cockcroft, and I. B. Wilkinson C-Reactive Protein Is Associated With Arterial Stiffness in Apparently Healthy Individuals Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., May 1, 2004; 24(5): 969 - 974. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Covic, D. J. A. Goldsmith, P. Gusbeth-Tatomir, and M. Covic Haemodialysis acutely improves endothelium-independent vasomotor function without significantly influencing the endothelium-mediated abnormal response to a {beta}2-agonist Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., March 1, 2004; 19(3): 637 - 643. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. T. Schram, R. M.A Henry, R. A.J.M van Dijk, P. J. Kostense, J. M. Dekker, G. Nijpels, R. J. Heine, L. M. Bouter, N. Westerhof, and C. D.A. Stehouwer Increased Central Artery Stiffness in Impaired Glucose Metabolism and Type 2 Diabetes: The Hoorn Study Hypertension, February 1, 2004; 43(2): 176 - 181. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Weber, J. Auer, M. F. O'Rourke, E. Kvas, E. Lassnig, R. Berent, and B. Eber Arterial Stiffness, Wave Reflections, and the Risk of Coronary Artery Disease Circulation, January 20, 2004; 109(2): 184 - 189. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Vlachopoulos, K. Hirata, and M. F O'Rourke Effect of sildenafil on arterial stiffness and wave reflection Vascular Medicine, November 1, 2003; 8(4): 243 - 248. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. F. O'Rourke, A. Avolio, A. Qasem, S. C. Millasseau, J. M. Ritter, and P. J. Chowienczyk Clinical Assessment of Wave Reflection * Response: Augmentation Index and the Radial-to-Aortic Transfer Function Hypertension, November 1, 2003; 42 (5): e15 - e16. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Smulyan, D. S. Siddiqui, R. J. Carlson, G. M. London, and M. E. Safar Clinical Utility of Aortic Pulses and Pressures Calculated From Applanated Radial-Artery Pulses Hypertension, August 1, 2003; 42(2): 150 - 155. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. Greenfield, K. Samaras, L. V. Campbell, A. B. Jenkins, P. J. Kelly, T. D. Spector, and C. S. Hayward Physical activity reduces genetic susceptibility to increased central systolic pressure augmentation: a study of female twins J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 16, 2003; 42(2): 264 - 270. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P.-S. Tsai, C. B. Yucha, W. W. Nichols, and H. Yarandi Hemodynamics and Arterial Properties in Response to Mental Stress in Individuals with Mild Hypertension Psychosom Med, July 1, 2003; 65(4): 613 - 619. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. C. Smith, H. Lane, N. Davies, L. M. Evans, J. Cockcroft, M. F. Scanlon, and J. S. Davies The Effects of Depot Long-Acting Somatostatin Analog on Central Aortic Pressure and Arterial Stiffness in Acromegaly J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2003; 88(6): 2556 - 2561. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R Klocke, J R Cockcroft, G J Taylor, I R Hall, and D R Blake Arterial stiffness and central blood pressure, as determined by pulse wave analysis, in rheumatoid arthritis Ann Rheum Dis, May 1, 2003; 62(5): 414 - 418. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. C. Millasseau, S. J. Patel, S. R. Redwood, J. M. Ritter, and P. J. Chowienczyk Pressure Wave Reflection Assessed From the Peripheral Pulse: Is a Transfer Function Necessary? Hypertension, May 1, 2003; 41(5): 1016 - 1020. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Tamminen, J. Westerbacka, S. Vehkavaara, and H. Yki-Jarvinen Insulin-Induced Decreases in Aortic Wave Reflection and Central Systolic Pressure Are Impaired in Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care, December 1, 2002; 25(12): 2314 - 2319. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Obuobie, J. Smith, L. M. Evans, R. John, J. S. Davies, and J. H. Lazarus Increased Central Arterial Stiffness in Hypothyroidism J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2002; 87(10): 4662 - 4666. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. E. North, J. W. MacCluer, R. B. Devereux, B. V. Howard, T. K. Welty, L. G. Best, E. T. Lee, R. R. Fabsitz, and M. J. Roman Heritability of Carotid Artery Structure and Function: The Strong Heart Family Study Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., October 1, 2002; 22(10): 1698 - 1703. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. R. Cockcroft and I. B. Wilkinson reliability of transfer function in determining central pulse pressure and augmentation index: Reply J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 18, 2002; 40(6): 1196 - 1197. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Hope, I. T. Meredith, and J. D. Cameron Reliability of transfer functions in determining central pulse pressure and augmentation index J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., September 18, 2002; 40(6): 1196 - 1196. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Hope, D. B. Tay, I. T. Meredith, and J. D. Cameron Comparison of generalized and gender-specific transfer functions for the derivation of aortic waveforms Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, September 1, 2002; 283(3): H1150 - H1156. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
X J Jiang, M F O'Rourke, W Q L Jin, L S Liu, C W Li, P C Tai, X C Zhang, and S Z Liu Quantification of glyceryl trinitrate effect through analysis of the synthesised ascending aortic pressure waveform Heart, August 1, 2002; 88(2): 143 - 148. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. B. Wilkinson, K. Prasad, I. R. Hall, A. Thomas, H. MacCallum, D. J. Webb, M. P. Frenneaux, and J. R. Cockcroft Increased central pulse pressure and augmentation index in subjects with hypercholesterolemia J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., March 20, 2002; 39(6): 1005 - 1011. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. E. Safar, J. Blacher, B. Pannier, A. P. Guerin, S. J. Marchais, P.-M. Guyonvarc'h, and G. M. London Central Pulse Pressure and Mortality in End-Stage Renal Disease Hypertension, March 1, 2002; 39(3): 735 - 738. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|