Hypertension. 2001;38:1395-1399
doi: 10.1161/hy1201.099611
doi: 10.1161/hy1201.099611
(Hypertension. 2001;38:1395.)
© 2001 American Heart Association, Inc.
Fourth International Seminar on Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine: Part II |
Oxidative Stress in Arterial Hypertension
Role of NAD(P)H Oxidase
From the Division of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, School of Medicine (G.Z., G.S.J., M.U.M., M.A.F., A.F., F.J.B., J.D.), and the Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Clinic (J.D.), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Correspondence to Guillermo Zalba, PhD, División de Fisiopatología Vascular, Facultad de Medicina, C/Irunlarrea s/n, 31080 Pamplona, Spain. E-mail gzalba{at}unav.es
Abstract
Increased vascular reactive oxygen species production, especially superoxide anion, contributes significantly in the functional and structural alterations present in hypertension. An enhanced superoxide production causes a diminished NO bioavailability by an oxidative reaction that inactivates NO. Exaggerated superoxide levels and a low NO bioavailability lead to endothelial dysfunction and hypertrophy of vascular cells. It has been shown that the enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase plays a major role as the most important source of superoxide anion in vascular cells. Several experimental observations have shown an enhanced superoxide generation as a result of the activation of vascular NAD(P)H oxidase in hypertension. Although this enzyme responds to stimuli such as vasoactive factors, growth factors, and cytokines, some recent data suggest the existence of a genetic background modulating the expression of its different components. New polymorphisms have been identified in the promoter of the p22phox gene, an essential subunit of NAD(P)H oxidase, influencing the activity of this enzyme. Genetic investigations of these polymorphisms will provide novel markers for determination of genetic susceptibility to oxidative stress in hypertension.
Key Words: angiotensin II • genetics • hypertension, arterial • stress • free radicals
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