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(Hypertension. 2002;39:460.)
© 2002 American Heart Association, Inc.

Scientific Contributions

Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Activity in Patients With ACE-Inhibitor-Associated Angioedema

Jean Lefebvre; Laine J. Murphey; Tina V. Hartert; Ru Jiao Shan; William H. Simmons; Nancy J. Brown

From the Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology (J.L., L.J.M., R.J.S., N.J.B.) and Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (T.V.H.), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tenn.; and Division of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (W.H.S.), Loyola University Medical Center, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Ill.

Correspondence to Nancy J. Brown, MD, Medicine and Pharmacology, 560 Medical Research Building I, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6602. E-mail nancy.brown{at}mcmail.vanderbilt.edu

Bradykinin and substance P have been implicated as mediators in angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)-associated angioedema. Studies investigating the metabolism of bradykinin in sera from patients with a history of ACEI-associated angioedema and controls suggest that there is a defect in a non-ACE, non-kininase I pathway of bradykinin degradation, such as the aminopeptidase P (APP)/dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) pathway. This study tested the hypothesis that serum APP or DPPIV activity is decreased in patients with ACEI-associated angioedema. APP and DPPIV activity were measured in sera collected from patients during ACEI-associated angioedema, from patients with a remote history of ACEI-associated angioedema, and from normotensive and untreated hypertensive controls. The effects of acute and chronic ACEI and corticosteroid treatment on serum DPPIV activity were also assessed. DPPIV activity was similar in normotensive volunteers (37.8±6.3 nmol/mL per min), in untreated hypertensive subjects who had been exposed previously to ACEI without angioedema (36.2±4.3 nmol/mL per min), in hypertensive patients with a remote history of angioedema (35.1±8.5 nmol/mL per min), and in chronically ACEI-treated hypertensive subjects (36.1±5.6 nmol/mL per min). DPPIV activity decreased with increasing age (R²=0.10, P=0.016). Subject group significantly affected DPPIV activity (F=6.208, P=0.016) such that DPPIV activity was significantly lower in patients with ACEI-associated angioedema (26.9±4.1 nmol/mL per min) than in normotensive controls, in previously ACEI-exposed untreated hypertensive volunteers, or in ACEI-treated hypertensive volunteers, even after controlling for age. There was no effect of acute ACE inhibition or corticosteroids on DPPIV activity. With respect to APP activity, there was no difference between groups. These results suggest that DPPIV activity is depressed in individuals with hypertension during acute ACEI-associated angioedema.

Key Words: edema • angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors • peptides • bradykinin

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