This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Benowitz, N. L. Articles by Jacob, P. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Benowitz, N. L. Articles by Jacob, P., III Related Collections Cardiovascular Pharmacology Primary prevention Secondary prevention Other Treatment

(Hypertension. 2002;39:1107.)
© 2002 American Heart Association, Inc.

Scientific Contributions

Cardiovascular Effects of Nasal and Transdermal Nicotine and Cigarette Smoking

Neal L. Benowitz; Anna Hansson; Peyton Jacob, III

From the Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of California (N.L.B., P.J.), San Francisco; and Pharmacia and Upjohn (A.H.), Helsingborg, Sweden.

Correspondence to Neal L. Benowitz, MD, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of California, San Francisco, Box 1220, San Francisco, CA 94143-1220. E-mail nbeno@ itsa.ucsf.edu

Abstract— The purpose of this study was to compare circadian blood pressure and heart rate patterns and other cardiovascular effects of nicotine delivered rapidly (via nasal spray, NNS), slowly (transdermal nicotine, TDN), by cigarette smoking (rapid delivery of nicotine plus other smoke toxins), and placebo NNS. Twelve healthy cigarette smokers were studied on a research ward when they smoked cigarettes (16 per day) or used TDN (15 mg/16 h), NNS (24 1-mg doses per day), or placebo NNS, each for 5 days. There were no significant differences in systolic blood pressure, but diastolic blood pressure was slightly increased during cigarette smoking. Plasma epinephrine, ß-thromboglobulin, and fibrinogen levels were higher during cigarette smoking than with TDN. For most measurements, NNS values were intermediate between and not significantly different from those of cigarette smoking and TDN. We conclude that, at recommended doses, TDN and NNS have fewer effects on biomarkers of cardiovascular risk than does cigarette smoking.

Key Words: smoking • cardiovascular diseases • risk factors • catecholamines

This article has been cited by other articles:

				S. Munjal, T. Koval, R. Muhammad, Y. Jin, V. Demmel, H. J. Roethig, P. Mendes, and M. Unverdorben Heart Rate Variability Increases With Reductions in Cigarette Smoke Exposure After 3 Days Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, September 1, 2009; 14(3): 192 - 198. [Abstract] [PDF]

				J. Eugenin, M. Otarola, E. Bravo, C. Coddou, V. Cerpa, M. Reyes-Parada, I. Llona, and R. von Bernhardi Prenatal to Early Postnatal Nicotine Exposure Impairs Central Chemoreception and Modifies Breathing Pattern in Mouse Neonates: A Probable Link to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome J. Neurosci., December 17, 2008; 28(51): 13907 - 13917. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. E. Swan, C. N. Lessov-Schlaggar, R. E. Krasnow, K. C. Wilhelmsen, P. Jacob III, and N. L. Benowitz Genetic and Environmental Sources of Variation in Heart Rate Response to Infused Nicotine in Twins Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., June 1, 2007; 16(6): 1057 - 1064. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Gebel, B. Gerstmayer, P. Kuhl, J. Borlak, K. Meurrens, and T. Muller The Kinetics of Transcriptomic Changes Induced by Cigarette Smoke in Rat Lungs Reveals a Specific Program of Defense, Inflammation, and Circadian Clock Gene Expression Toxicol. Sci., October 1, 2006; 93(2): 422 - 431. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Tsiara, M. Elisaf, and D. P. Mikhailidis Influence of Smoking on Predictors of Vascular Disease Angiology, September 1, 2003; 54(5): 507 - 530. [Abstract] [PDF]