Published online before print February 10, 2003, doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000054212.23528.B2
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Hypertension. 2003;41:451.)
© 2003 American Heart Association, Inc.
Scientific Contributions |
Rapid Child Growth Raises Blood Pressure in Adolescent Boys Who Were Thin at Birth
From the Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (L.S.A.) and the Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Child Health (T.J.C.), London, UK.
Correspondence to Linda S. Adair, PhD, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, 123 W Franklin St, Chapel Hill, NC 27516-3997. E-mail linda_adair{at}unc.edu
Catch-up growth in previously growth-restricted children is a suggested risk factor for chronic disease risk. We use data from 2026 Filipino adolescents to identify periods of growth that matter more for risk of high blood pressure (BP). Subjects were drawn from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey, which enrolled pregnant women and followed up their offspring through age14 to 16 years. High BP was defined as the top 10% of residuals from gender-specific regressions of systolic and diastolic BP on age and height. After controlling for birth length, current body mass index, age, and height, the odds of high BP in males were significantly decreased with each kilogram increase in birth weight. The highest odds of elevated BP occurred among males who were relatively thin at birth but relatively heavy as adolescents. Larger weight increments from birth to 2 years decreased the odds of high BP in boys, whereas larger increments from 8 to 11 and 11 to 16 years increased the odds of high BP. Thinness at birth significantly interacted with growth rate after age 8, such that a high rate of weight gain increased risk only among boys who were in the lower two thirds of the body mass index distribution at birth. Results in girls indicated small or no effects of early growth. The synergistic effect on adolescent BP of rapid weight gain from late childhood into adolescence with thinness at birth is further evidence of fetal programming of BP in males and suggests long-term health risks associated with rapid growth, even in the absence of obesity.
Key Words: birth weight • blood pressure • child growth • infant nutrition • adolescents
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  A. Cournil, A. N. Coly, A. Diallo, and K. B. Simondon Enhanced post-natal growth is associated with elevated blood pressure in young Senegalese adults Int. J. Epidemiol., October 1, 2009; 38(5): 1401 - 1410. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Boubred, L. Daniel, C. Buffat, J.-M. Feuerstein, M. Tsimaratos, C. Oliver, F. Dignat-George, M. Lelievre-Pegorier, and U. Simeoni Early postnatal overfeeding induces early chronic renal dysfunction in adult male rats Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, October 1, 2009; 297(4): F943 - F951. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. T Tuan, L. S Adair, C. M Suchindran, K. He, and B. M Popkin The association between body mass index and hypertension is different between East and Southeast Asians Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2009; 89(6): 1905 - 1912. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. M. Moritz, M. Q. Mazzuca, A. L. Siebel, A. Mibus, D. Arena, M. Tare, J. A. Owens, and M. E. Wlodek Uteroplacental insufficiency causes a nephron deficit, modest renal insufficiency but no hypertension with ageing in female rats J. Physiol., June 1, 2009; 587(11): 2635 - 2646. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Gamborg, P. K. Andersen, J. L. Baker, E. Budtz-Jorgensen, T. Jorgensen, G. Jensen, and T. I. A. Sorensen Life Course Path Analysis of Birth Weight, Childhood Growth, and Adult Systolic Blood Pressure Am. J. Epidemiol., May 15, 2009; 169(10): 1167 - 1178. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. S Adair, R. Martorell, A. D Stein, P. C Hallal, H. S Sachdev, D. Prabhakaran, A. K Wills, S. A Norris, D. L Dahly, N. R Lee, et al. Size at birth, weight gain in infancy and childhood, and adult blood pressure in 5 low- and middle-income-country cohorts: when does weight gain matter? Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2009; 89(5): 1383 - 1392. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. E. Wlodek, V. Ceranic, R. O'Dowd, K. T. Westcott, and A. L. Siebel Maternal Progesterone Treatment Rescues the Mammary Impairment Following Uteroplacental Insufficiency and Improves Postnatal Pup Growth in the Rat Reproductive Sciences, April 1, 2009; 16(4): 380 - 390. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D L Dahly, L. Adair, and K. Bollen A structural equation model of the developmental origins of blood pressure Int. J. Epidemiol., April 1, 2009; 38(2): 538 - 548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Ben-Shlomo, A. McCarthy, R. Hughes, K. Tilling, D. Davies, and G. Davey Smith Immediate Postnatal Growth Is Associated With Blood Pressure in Young Adulthood: The Barry Caerphilly Growth Study Hypertension, October 1, 2008; 52(4): 638 - 644. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. K. Kumanyika, E. Obarzanek, N. Stettler, R. Bell, A. E. Field, S. P. Fortmann, B. A. Franklin, M. W. Gillman, C. E. Lewis, W. C. Poston II, et al. Population-Based Prevention of Obesity: The Need for Comprehensive Promotion of Healthful Eating, Physical Activity, and Energy Balance: A Scientific Statement From American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, Interdisciplinary Committee for Prevention (Formerly the Expert Panel on Population and Prevention Science) Circulation, July 22, 2008; 118(4): 428 - 464. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. T. Tuan, L. S. Adair, K. He, and B. M. Popkin Optimal Cutoff Values for Overweight: Using Body Mass Index to Predict Incidence of Hypertension in 18- to 65-Year-Old Chinese Adults J. Nutr., July 1, 2008; 138(7): 1377 - 1382. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. P. Koeners, B. Braam, D. M. van der Giezen, R. Goldschmeding, and J. A. Joles A perinatal nitric oxide donor increases renal vascular resistance and ameliorates hypertension and glomerular injury in adult fawn-hooded hypertensive rats Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, June 1, 2008; 294(6): R1847 - R1855. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. E. Wlodek, A. Mibus, A. Tan, A. L. Siebel, J. A. Owens, and K. M. Moritz Normal Lactational Environment Restores Nephron Endowment and Prevents Hypertension after Placental Restriction in the Rat J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., June 1, 2007; 18(6): 1688 - 1696. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. B. Weder Evolution and Hypertension Hypertension, February 1, 2007; 49(2): 260 - 265. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. C. Hoppe, R. G. Evans, K. M. Moritz, L. A. Cullen-McEwen, S. M. Fitzgerald, J. Dowling, and J. F. Bertram Combined prenatal and postnatal protein restriction influences adult kidney structure, function, and arterial pressure Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, January 1, 2007; 292(1): R462 - R469. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Karaolis-Danckert, A. E Buyken, K. Bolzenius, C. Perim de Faria, M. J Lentze, and A. Kroke Rapid growth among term children whose birth weight was appropriate for gestational age has a longer lasting effect on body fat percentage than on body mass index Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, December 1, 2006; 84(6): 1449 - 1455. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Ekelund, K. Ong, Y. Linne, M. Neovius, S. Brage, D. B Dunger, N. J Wareham, and S. Rossner Upward weight percentile crossing in infancy and early childhood independently predicts fat mass in young adults: the Stockholm Weight Development Study (SWEDES) Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2006; 83(2): 324 - 330. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. W. Gillman Developmental origins of health and disease. N. Engl. J. Med., October 27, 2005; 353(17): 1848 - 1850. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. L Webb, A. J Conlisk, H. X Barnhart, R. Martorell, R. Grajeda, and A. D Stein Maternal and childhood nutrition and later blood pressure levels in young Guatemalan adults Int. J. Epidemiol., August 1, 2005; 34(4): 898 - 904. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Manning and V. M. Vehaskari Postnatal modulation of prenatally programmed hypertension by dietary Na and ACE inhibition Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, January 1, 2005; 288(1): R80 - R84. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Primatesta, E. Falaschetti, and N. R. Poulter Birth Weight and Blood Pressure in Childhood: Results From the Health Survey for England Hypertension, January 1, 2005; 45(1): 75 - 79. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.-R. Jarvelin, U. Sovio, V. King, L. Lauren, B. Xu, M. I. McCarthy, A.-L. Hartikainen, J. Laitinen, P. Zitting, P. Rantakallio, et al. Early Life Factors and Blood Pressure at Age 31 Years in the 1966 Northern Finland Birth Cohort Hypertension, December 1, 2004; 44(6): 838 - 846. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. O'Regan, C. J. Kenyon, J. R. Seckl, and M. C. Holmes Glucocorticoid exposure in late gestation in the rat permanently programs gender-specific differences in adult cardiovascular and metabolic physiology Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, November 1, 2004; 287(5): E863 - E870. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. A. Lederman, S. R. Akabas, and B. J. Moore Editors' Overview of the Conference on Preventing Childhood Obesity Pediatrics, October 1, 2004; 114(4/S1): 1139 - 1145. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Lederman, S. R. Akabas, B. J. Moore, M. E. Bentley, B. Devaney, M. W. Gillman, M. S. Kramer, J. A. Mennella, A. Ness, and J. Wardle Summary of the Presentations at the Conference on Preventing Childhood Obesity, December 8, 2003 Pediatrics, October 1, 2004; 114(4/S1): 1146 - 1173. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. C. Whitaker Predicting Preschooler Obesity at Birth: The Role of Maternal Obesity in Early Pregnancy Pediatrics, July 1, 2004; 114(1): e29 - e36. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. W. Kuzawa Modeling Fetal Adaptation to Nutrient Restriction: Testing the Fetal Origins Hypothesis with a Supply-Demand Model J. Nutr., January 1, 2004; 134(1): 194 - 200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. J. Cole Modeling Postnatal Exposures and Their Interactions with Birth Size J. Nutr., January 1, 2004; 134(1): 201 - 204. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|