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(Hypertension. 2003;41:1027.)
© 2003 American Heart Association, Inc.

Scientific Contributions

Associations Between Hypertension and Genes in the Renin-Angiotensin System

Xiaofeng Zhu; Yen-Pei C. Chang; Denise Yan; Alan Weder; Richard Cooper; Amy Luke; Donghui Kan; Aravinda Chakravarti

From the Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine (X.Z., R.C., A.L., D.K.), Maywood, Ill; the McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (Y.-P.C.C., D.Y., A.C.), Baltimore, Md; and the Division of Hypertension, University of Michigan School of Medicine (A.W.), Ann Arbor, Mich.

Correspondence to Dr Xiaofeng Zhu, Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Loyola University Medical Center, 2160 S First Ave, Maywood, IL 60153. E-mail xzhu1{at}lumc.edu or Dr Aravinda Chakravarti, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287. E-mail aravinda@jhmi.edu

The genes of the renin-angiotensin system have been subjected to intense molecular scrutiny in cardiovascular disease studies, but their contribution to risk is still uncertain. In this study, we sampled 192 African American and 153 European American families (602 and 608 individuals, respectively) to evaluate the contribution of variations in genes that encode renin-angiotensin system components of susceptibility to hypertension. We genotyped 25 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the renin-angiotensin system genes ACE, AGT, AGTR1, and REN. The family-based transmission/disequilibrium test was performed with each single-nucleotide polymorphism and with the multilocus haplotypes. Two individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms were significantly associated with hypertension among African Americans, and this result persisted when both groups were combined. The associations were confirmed in haplotype analysis for REN, AGTR1, and ACE in African Americans. Consistent but less significant evidence was found in European Americans. We also randomly sampled unrelated individuals across families to obtain 84 cases and 108 controls among the African Americans and 41 cases and 113 controls in the European Americans. Single-nucleotide polymorphism and haplotype analyses again showed consistent, albeit weaker, results. Thus, in this biracial population sample, we find evidence that interindividual variation in the renin-angiotensin system genes contributes to hypertension risk.

Key Words: hypertension, genetic • angiotensin-converting enzyme • haplotypes • angiotensin • renin-angiotensin system • case-control studies

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