Published online before print April 11, 2005, doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000163462.98381.7f
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(Hypertension. 2005;45:860.)
© 2005 American Heart Association, Inc.
Original Articles |
Role of NAD(P)H Oxidase- and Mitochondria-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species in Cardioprotection of Ischemic Reperfusion Injury by Angiotensin II
From the Department of Pharmacology (S.K., G-X.Z., A.N., T.S., L.Y., Y-Y.F., M.R., Y.A.) and the First Department of Surgery (T.S., H.M.), Kagawa University Medical School, Japan.
Correspondence to Shoji Kimura, MD, PhD, Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University Medical School, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan. E-mail kimura{at}kms.ac.jp
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) participate in cardioprotection of ischemic reperfusion (I/R) injury via preconditioning mechanisms. Mitochondrial ROS have been shown to play a key role in this process. Angiotensin II (Ang II) exhibits pharmacological preconditioning; however, the involvement of NAD(P)H oxidase, known as an ROS-generating enzyme responsive to Ang II stimuli, in the preconditioning process remains unclear. We compared the effects of 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD; an inhibitor of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels), apocynin (an NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor), and 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl piperidinoxyl (tempol; a membrane permeable radical scavenger) on pharmacological preconditioning by Ang II in rat cardiac I/R injury in vivo. Treatment with a pressor dose of Ang II before a 30-minute coronary occlusion reduced infarct size as determined 24 hours after reperfusion. The protective effects of Ang II were eliminated by pretreatment with 5-HD or apocynin, similar to tempol. Both 5-HD and apocynin suppressed the enhanced cardiac lipid peroxidation and activation of the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase/p38, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways, but not the Raf/MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway, elicited by acutely administered Ang II. Apocynin but not 5-HD suppressed Ang II–induced augmentations of the NAD(P)H oxidase complex formation (p47phox, p22phox, and Rac-1) and its activity in the heart. Finally, 5-HD suppressed superoxide production by isolated cardiac mitochondria without any effect on their respiration. These results suggest that the preconditioning effects of Ang II for cardiac I/R injury may be mediated by cardiac mitochondria-derived ROS enhanced through NAD(P)H oxidase via JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation.
Key Words: angiotensin • antioxidants • free radicals • heart
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