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(Hypertension. 2005;45:934.)
© 2005 American Heart Association, Inc.

Original Articles

Antioxidant Treatment Prevents Renal Damage and Dysfunction and Reduces Arterial Pressure in Salt-Sensitive Hypertension

Niu Tian; Kristina D. Thrasher; Paul D. Gundy; Michael D. Hughson; R. Davis Manning, Jr

From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson.

Correspondence to R. Davis Manning, Jr, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216. E-mail dmanning{at}physiology.umsmed.edu

The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that oxidative stress in Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats on a high-sodium intake contributes to the progression of renal damage, the decreases in renal hemodynamics, and the development of hypertension. We specifically studied whether antioxidant therapy, using vitamins C and E, could help prevent renal damage and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow reductions and attenuate the increases in arterial pressure. Thirty-three 7- to 8-week old Dahl SS/Rapp strain rats were placed on either a high-sodium (8%) or a low-sodium (0.3%) diet with or without vitamin E (111 IU/d) in the food and 98 mg/d vitamin C in the drinking water for 5 weeks. Rats were equipped with indwelling arterial and venous catheters at day 21. By day 35 in the rats with high-sodium diet, vitamin C and E treatment significantly decreased renal cortical and medullary O₂^·– release, mean arterial pressure, urinary protein excretion, glomerular necrosis, and renal tubulointerstitial damage. At this time, GFR significantly decreased in the high-sodium diet group (1.6±0.2 mL/min) when compared with either the high-sodium plus vitamins C and E (2.9±0.2 mL/min) or the low-sodium diet group (2.9±0.3 mL/min). In SS rats on high-sodium diet, renal plasma flow decreased 40%, and this reduced flow was restored by vitamin treatment. In Dahl salt-sensitive hypertension, increased oxidative stress plays an important role in the renal damage, decreases in renal hemodynamics, and increases in arterial pressure that occur. Antioxidant treatment with vitamins C and E improves renal dysfunction, lessens renal injury, and decreases arterial pressure in Dahl salt-sensitive hypertension.

Key Words: antioxidants • hemodynamics • hypertension • renal disease

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