Hypertension, Vol 5, 772-778, Copyright © 1983 by American Heart Association
MR Goldberg, AS Hollister and D Robertson
We studied the influence of the alpha 2-adrenoreceptor-blocking drug,
yohimbine, on blood pressure, plasma norepinephrine, and other measures of
autonomic function in normal male volunteers. These studies were designed
to evaluate the role of alpha 2-receptors in the tonic regulation of
sympathetic outflow in humans. In a dose-ranging study, we found that
yohimbine HCl (0.016-0.125 mg/kg) elicited dose-related rises in mean,
systolic, and diastolic pressures. At the maximal dose used (0.125 mg/kg),
respective increments in mean, systolic, and diastolic pressures were 14
+/- 1 torr; 28 +/- 3 torr; and 8 +/- 1 torr (p less than 0.01) (mean +/-
SE). No significant changes in heart rate occurred. Associated with the
rise in blood pressure were enhanced pressor and heart rate responses to
the cold pressor, isometric handgrip, and Valsalva maneuvers. In a
double-blind study, yohimbine (0.125 mg/kg bolus, 0.001 mg/kg/min infusion)
induced a two-to- threefold rise in plasma norepinephrine (p less than
0.01), without significantly altering plasma epinephrine or plasma renin
activity. Ex vivo platelet aggregation in response to epinephrine was
inhibited during yohimbine, showing that non-innervated alpha
2-adrenoreceptors were inhibited. Central effects of yohimbine were
evaluated through use of linear analog mood rating scales which showed a
shift from calm toward excited ends of these scales. If yohimbine is acting
through blockade of alpha 2 receptors, then these receptors tonically
suppress sympathetic outflow in humans.
ARTICLES
Influence of yohimbine on blood pressure, autonomic reflexes, and plasma catecholamines in humans
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