Published online before print May 7, 2007, doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.088310
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(Hypertension. 2007;50:116.)
© 2007 American Heart Association, Inc.
Original Articles |
Heritability of Blood Pressure Responses to Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intake in a Chinese Population
From the Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital (D.G.), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; the School of Medicine (T.R., S.W., C.G., D.C.R.), Washington University in St Louis, Mo; the School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine (W.Y., C.-S.C., J.H.), Tulane University, New Orleans, La; the School of Public Health (J.E.H.), University of Texas, Houston; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (C.E.J.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md; Chinese National Human Genome Center at Beijing (Z.-J.Y.), Beijing, China; and the National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology (D.-P.L.), Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
Correspondence to Dongfeng Gu, Division of Population Genetics and Prevention, Cardiovascular Institute and Fu Wai Hospital, 167 Beilishi Rd, Beijing 100037, China. E-mail gudongfeng{at}vip.sina.com or Jiang He, Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal St, Suite 2000, New Orleans, LA 70112. E-mail jhe@tulane.edu
The heritability of blood pressure responses to dietary intervention has not been well studied. We examined the heritability of blood pressure responses to dietary sodium and potassium intake in a family feeding study among 1906 study participants living in rural North China. The dietary intervention included a 7-day low-sodium feeding (51.3 mmol per day), a 7-day high-sodium feeding (307.8 mmol per day), and a 7-day high-sodium plus potassium supplementation (60 mmol per day). Blood pressure was measured 9 times during the 3-day baseline period preceding the intervention and also during the last 3 days of each intervention phase using a random-zero sphygmomanometer. Heritability was computed using maximum likelihood methods under a variance components model as implemented in the computer program SOLAR. The heritabilities of baseline blood pressure were 0.31 for systolic, 0.32 for diastolic, and 0.34 for mean arterial pressure. The heritabilities increased significantly under dietary intervention and were 0.49, 0.49, and 0.51 during low sodium; 0.47, 0.49, and 0.51 during high sodium; and 0.51, 0.52, and 0.53 during potassium supplementation for systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure, respectively. The heritabilities for percentage of blood pressure responses to low sodium were 0.20, 0.21, and 0.23; to high-sodium were 0.22, 0.33, and 0.33; and to potassium supplementation were 0.24, 0.21, and 0.25 for systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure, respectively. Our study indicated that the heritabilities of blood pressure under controlled dietary sodium and potassium intake were significantly higher than those under a usual diet. In addition, the heritabilities of blood pressure responses to dietary sodium and potassium intake were moderate in this study population.
Key Words: blood pressure • dietary sodium • heritability • potassium supplementation • salt sensitivity
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