Published online before print September 29, 2008, doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.114991
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(Hypertension. 2008;52:847.)
© 2008 American Heart Association, Inc.
Original Articles |
Effect of Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation on Blood Pressure
The Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Trial
From the Health Partners Research Foundation (K.L.M.), Minneapolis, Minn; Division of Public Health Sciences (R.M.R.), Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Wash; Department of Preventative Medicine (L.V.H.), Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ill; Division of Preventive Medicine (J.E.M.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Family and Preventive Medicine (M.A.A.), University of California San Diego; Department of Medicine (H.R.B.), Rush Medical College, Chicago, Ill; Department of Epidemiology (S.A.A.B.), University of Washington, Seattle; Department of Preventative Medicine (S.A.C.), University of Tennessee, Memphis; Department of Geriatric Medicine (J.D.C.), University of Hawaii, Honolulu; Berman Center for Outcomes of Clinical Research (R.H.G.), Minneapolis, Minn; Department of Medicine (T.A.K.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; Department of Epidemiology (L.H.K.), University of Pittsburgh, Pa; Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (S.W.-S.), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Nutritional Sciences (C.A.T.), University of Arizona, Tuscon; and the Department of Epidemiology (J.C.T.), University of Iowa, Iowa City.
Correspondence to Karen L. Margolis, HealthPartners Research Foundation, Box 1524, Mailstop 21111R, Minneapolis, MN 55440-1524. E-mail Karen.L.Margolis{at}HealthPartners.com
Experimental and epidemiological studies suggest that calcium and vitamin D supplements may lower blood pressure. We examined the effect of calcium plus vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure and the incidence of hypertension in postmenopausal women. The Women’s Health Initiative Calcium/Vitamin D Trial randomly assigned 36 282 postmenopausal women to receive 1000 mg of elemental calcium plus 400 IU of vitamin D3 daily or placebo in a double-blind fashion. Change in blood pressure and the incidence of hypertension were ascertained. Over a median follow-up time of 7 years, there was no significant difference in the mean change over time in systolic blood pressure (0.22 mm Hg; 95% CI: –0.05 to 0.49 mm Hg) and diastolic blood pressure (0.11 mm Hg; 95% CI: –0.04 to 0.27 mm Hg) between the active and placebo treatment groups. This null result was robust in analyses accounting for nonadherence to study pills and in baseline subgroups of interest, including black subjects and women with hypertension or high levels of blood pressure, with low intakes of calcium and vitamin D or low serum levels of vitamin D. In 17 122 nonhypertensive participants at baseline, the hazard ratio for incident hypertension associated with calcium/vitamin D treatment was 1.01 (95% CI: 0.96 to 1.06.) In postmenopausal women, calcium plus vitamin D3 supplementation did not reduce either blood pressure or the risk of developing hypertension over 7 years of follow-up.
Key Words: calcium supplementation • 25-hydroxyvitamin D • 1 • 25-dihydroxyvitamin D • blood pressure • hypertension • clinical trials
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Hypertension 2008 52: 803-804.
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