Published online before print January 5, 2009, doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.118398
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(Hypertension. 2009;53:120.)
© 2009 American Heart Association, Inc.
Original Articles |
Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring and All-Cause Mortality in Elderly People With Diabetes Mellitus
From the Departments of Medicine (W.P., A.M., S.S.) and Biomedical Informatics (S.S.), Behavioral Cardiovascular Health and Hypertension Program (T.G.P.), and Department of Epidemiology, Joseph Mailman School of Public Health (S.S.), Columbia University, New York; Research Division (J.T.), Hebrew Home for the Aged at Riverdale, Bronx; Columbia University Stroud Center and Faculty of Medicine (J.T.), New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science (J.E.S.), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook; Joslin Diabetes Center and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism (R.S.W.), State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse; and the Department of Veterans Affairs (R.S.W.), Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Syracuse, NY.
Correspondence to Walter Palmas, Division of General Medicine, 622 W 168th St, PH 9-East, New York, NY 10032. E-mail wp56{at}columbia.edu
In a multiethnic cohort of older people with diabetes (n=1178), we assessed whether ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring improves prediction of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality when added to baseline covariates, including office BP and heart rate (HR). Secondary analyses assessed whether albuminuria may mediate the association of pulse pressure with mortality. The ambulatory arterial stiffness index was calculated as "1-slope" from the within-person regression of diastolic-on-systolic ambulatory BP readings. Mean follow-up was 6.6±0.4 years. There were 287 deaths; death certificates were available for 215 deaths (75%), and 110 of them were deemed of cardiovascular cause. Cox models were built incrementally. First, models using clinical and laboratory variables selected albuminuria and office HRs as independent predictors of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. When ambulatory monitoring data were added, sleep:wake HR ratio and ambulatory arterial stiffness index added significantly to the prediction of all-cause mortality, but only sleep:wake HR ratio added to the prediction of cardiovascular mortality. Office HR and albuminuria retained significance as predictors of both types of mortality. Secondary analyses without adjustment for albuminuria confirmed the predictive value of office HR and sleep/wake HR, whereas 24-hour pulse pressure and sleep systolic BP were also independently predictive of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, respectively. In conclusion, office HR and albuminuria were strong predictors of mortality. Ambulatory monitoring improved the prediction of risk through its assessment of sleep HR dipping and of ambulatory arterial stiffness index, a measure of the dynamic relationship between systolic and diastolic BPs. Albuminuria may mediate the association between BP and mortality.
Key Words: mortality • ambulatory blood pressure • diabetes mellitus • arterial stiffness
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Hypertension 2009 53: 110-111.
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  M. Bursztyn and I. Z. Ben-Dov Diabetes Mellitus and 24-Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring: Broadening Horizons of Risk Assessment Hypertension, February 1, 2009; 53(2): 110 - 111. [Full Text] [PDF]
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