This Article Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Skrabal, F. Articles by Schonitzer, D. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Skrabal, F. Articles by Schonitzer, D.

Hypertension, Vol 6, 152-158, Copyright © 1984 by American Heart Association

ARTICLES

Salt sensitivity in humans is linked to enhanced sympathetic responsiveness and to enhanced proximal tubular reabsorption

F Skrabal, H Herholz, M Neumayr, L Hamberger, M Ledochowski, H Sporer, H Hortnagl, S Schwarz and D Schonitzer

If high sodium intake is involved in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, the effects of changing the sodium intake should be demonstrable in the susceptible part of the normotensive population. Therefore, we have investigated the effects of moderate salt restriction in 52 young normotensive subjects with and without a family history of hypertension; 22 (42%) responded to moderate salt restriction (200 to 50 mmol/day) over 2 weeks, with a significant fall in blood pressure shown by continuous automatic blood pressure recordings. Accordingly, these subjects were classified as salt- sensitive, and the remainder as salt-resistant. Compared to salt- resistant subjects, salt-sensitive subjects showed a 2.5-fold higher incidence of a positive family history of hypertension (p less than 0.01), and a significantly higher blood pressure and lower salivary sodium concentration during the usual high sodium diet. Although there were no differences in Na,K-ATPase activity and in Na-K cotransport of erythrocytes, the pressor response to infused norepinephrine in salt- sensitive subjects was double that of salt-resistant subjects independent of the diet and this was linked to indirect evidence for enhanced proximal tubular sodium reabsorption. On the usual high sodium diet, 40% of the normal population may be salt-sensitive and prone to develop hypertension. Hypersensitivity to catecholamines (genetically determined?) may be the cause of salt sensitivity. A low sodium concentration in saliva deserves further study as a simple screening test to identify salt-sensitive subjects.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				A. J. King, M. Novotny, G. M. Swain, and G. D. Fink Whole body norepinephrine kinetics in ANG II-salt hypertension in the rat Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, April 1, 2008; 294(4): R1262 - R1267. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. J. King and G. D. Fink Chronic Low-Dose Angiotensin II Infusion Increases Venomotor Tone by Neurogenic Mechanisms Hypertension, November 1, 2006; 48(5): 927 - 933. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Seidlerova, J. A. Staessen, M. Maillard, T. Nawrot, H. Zhang, M. Bochud, T. Kuznetsova, T. Richart, L. M. Van Bortel, H. A. Struijker-Boudier, et al. Association Between Arterial Properties and Renal Sodium Handling in a General Population Hypertension, October 1, 2006; 48(4): 609 - 615. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. T. Wright Jr, M. Rahman, A. Scarpa, M. Fatholahi, V. Griffin, R. Jean-Baptiste, M. Islam, M. Eissa, S. White, and J. G. Douglas Determinants of Salt Sensitivity in Black and White Normotensive and Hypertensive Women Hypertension, December 1, 2003; 42(6): 1087 - 1092. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. E. Yang, P. K. K. Leong, S. Ye, V. M. Campese, and A. A. McDonough Responses of proximal tubule sodium transporters to acute injury-induced hypertension Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, February 1, 2003; 284(2): F313 - F322. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Buchholz, H. Schachinger, M. Wagner, U. Schorr, A. M. Sharma, and H. C. Deter Enhanced Affective Startle Modulation in Salt-Sensitive Subjects Hypertension, December 1, 2001; 38(6): 1325 - 1329. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Chiolero, G. Wurzner, and M. Burnier Renal determinants of the salt sensitivity of blood pressure Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., March 1, 2001; 16(3): 452 - 458. [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Chiolero, M. Maillard, J. Nussberger, H.-R. Brunner, and M. Burnier Proximal Sodium Reabsorption : An Independent Determinant of Blood Pressure Response to Salt Hypertension, October 1, 2000; 36(4): 631 - 637. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Gratze, J. Fortin, R. Labugger, A. Binder, P. Kotanko, B. Timmermann, F. C Luft, M. R Hoehe, and F. Skrabal ß-2 Adrenergic Receptor Variants Affect Resting Blood Pressure and Agonist-Induced Vasodilation in Young Adult Caucasians Hypertension, June 1, 1999; 33(6): 1425 - 1430. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. A. Graudal, A. M. Galloe, and P. Garred Effects of Sodium Restriction on Blood Pressure, Renin, Aldosterone, Catecholamines, Cholesterols, and Triglyceride: A Meta-analysis JAMA, May 6, 1998; 279(17): 1383 - 1391. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Sudhir, A. Forman, S.-L. Yi, J. Sorof, O. Schmidlin, A. Sebastian, and R. C. Morris Jr Reduced Dietary Potassium Reversibly Enhances Vasopressor Response to Stress in African Americans Hypertension, May 1, 1997; 29(5): 1083 - 1090. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				V. M. Campese, M. Tawadrous, R. Bigazzi, S. Bianchi, A. S. Mann, S. Oparil, and L. Raij Salt Intake and Plasma Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and Nitric Oxide in Hypertension Hypertension, September 1, 1996; 28(3): 335 - 340. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				J. P. Midgley, A. G. Matthew, C. M. T. Greenwood, and A. G. Logan Effect of Reduced Dietary Sodium on Blood Pressure: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials JAMA, May 22, 1996; 275(20): 1590 - 1597. [Abstract] [PDF]

				G. Barba, F. P. Cappuccio, L. Russo, F. Stinga, R. Iacone, and P. Strazzullo Renal Function and Blood Pressure Response to Dietary Salt Restriction in Normotensive Men Hypertension, May 1, 1996; 27(5): 1160 - 1164. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. H. Weinberger Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure in Humans Hypertension, March 1, 1996; 27(3): 481 - 490. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. C. Houston Sodium and Hypertension: A Review Arch Intern Med, January 1, 1986; 146(1): 179 - 185. [Abstract] [PDF]