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Hypertension, Vol 8, 37-44, Copyright © 1986 by American Heart Association

ARTICLES

Crucial role of endothelium in the vasodilator response to increased flow in vivo

U Pohl, J Holtz, R Busse and E Bassenge

Experiments were designed to investigate the importance of vascular endothelium in the vasomotor response to increases in flow as observed in conduit arteries (flow-dependent dilation). The diameter changes of femoral arteries (sonomicrometry) in response to increases in flow before and after endothelial damage procedures were studied in 23 dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. The functional integrity of the endothelial cells underneath the diameter sensors was tested by intra- arterial acetylcholine (local acetylcholine dilation) applied proximally to the sensors while a constant flow was maintained. Unilateral augmentation of femoral arterial flow (4.6 +/- 1.9-fold) induced by peripheral vasodilation or by arteriovenous shunt, elicited dilation (increase in diameter, 116 +/- 91 microns) in 18 of 23 dogs, whereas the diameter of the contralateral control artery was not affected. Mechanical removal of the endothelial cells by means of a balloon catheter abolished both the flow-dependent dilation and the local acetylcholine dilation, whereas the vasomotor responses to norepinephrine and nitroglycerin were not affected. Brief perfusions (1 minute) of the arteries with cell-free hydrogen peroxide solution (90 mM) also abolished the flow-dependent dilation and attenuated the local acetylcholine dilation (by 27 +/- 19%; p less than 0.02), while the responses to norepinephrine and nitroglycerin were not altered. These results suggest that endothelial cells act as mediators of flow- dependent dilation.

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				S. S Segal, D. G Welsh, and D. T Kurjiaka Spread of vasodilatation and vasoconstriction along feed arteries and arterioles of hamster skeletal muscle J. Physiol., April 1, 1999; 516(1): 283 - 291. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Kojda, J. B. Laursen, S. Ramasamy, J. D. Kent, S. Kurz, J. Burchfield, E. G. Shesely, and D. G. Harrison Protein expression, vascular reactivity and soluble guanylate cyclase activity in mice lacking the endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase: contributions of NOS isoforms to blood pressure and heart rate control Cardiovasc Res, April 1, 1999; 42(1): 206 - 213. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. C. Chambers, A. McGregor, J. Jean-Marie, O. A. Obeid, and J. S. Kooner Demonstration of Rapid Onset Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction After Hyperhomocysteinemia : An Effect Reversible With Vitamin C Therapy Circulation, March 9, 1999; 99(9): 1156 - 1160. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. Labropoulos, K. M. Webb, M. A. Mansour, S. S. Kang, and W. H. Baker Impaired Endothelium-Dependent Dilatation Precedes Early Arterial Wall Change in Symptom-Free Smokers Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, March 1, 1999; 33(2): 167 - 173. [Abstract] [PDF]

				X. Q. Wang and N. D. Vaziri Erythropoietin Depresses Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression by Human Endothelial Cells Hypertension, March 1, 1999; 33(3): 894 - 899. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. G. Wilson, M. F. Bellamy, M. W. Ramsey, J. Goodfellow, M. Brownlee, S. Davies, J. F. Wilson, M. J. Lewis, and A. G. Stuart Endothelial Function in Marfan Syndrome : Selective Impairment of Flow-Mediated Vasodilation Circulation, February 23, 1999; 99(7): 909 - 915. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Hansen, D. Sayad, G. D. Thomas, G. D. Clarke, R. M. Peshock, and R. G. Victor Exercise-induced attenuation of alpha-adrenoceptor mediated vasoconstriction in humans: evidence from phase-contrast MRI Cardiovasc Res, January 1, 1999; 41(1): 220 - 228. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Neunteufl, R. Katzenschlager, C. Abela, Karam Kostner, B. Niederle, F. Weidinger, and T. Stefenelli Impairment of endothelium-independent vasodilation in patients with hypercalcemia Cardiovasc Res, November 1, 1998; 40(2): 396 - 401. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Ding and N. D. Vaziri Calcium Channel Blockade Enhances Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression by Cultured Endothelial Cells Hypertension, October 1, 1998; 32(4): 718 - 723. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z. Ni, X. Q. Wang, and N. D. Vaziri Nitric Oxide Metabolism in Erythropoietin-Induced Hypertension : Effect of Calcium Channel Blockade Hypertension, October 1, 1998; 32(4): 724 - 729. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Q. Hu, Y. Xia, S. Corda, J. L. Zweier, and R. C. Ziegelstein Hydrogen Peroxide Decreases pHi in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells by Inhibiting Na+/H+ Exchange Circ. Res., September 21, 1998; 83(6): 644 - 651. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Vedrinne, F. Tronc, S. Martinot, J. Robin, C. Garhib, J. Ninet, J. J. Lehot, M. Franck, and G. Champsaur Effects of various flow types on maternal hemodynamics during fetalbypass: Is there nitric oxide release during pulsatile perfusion? J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., September 1, 1998; 116(3): 432 - 436. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				N. Pelletier, N. E. Robinson, L. Kaiser, and F. J. Derksen Regional differences in endothelial function in horse lungs: possible role in blood flow distribution? J Appl Physiol, August 1, 1998; 85(2): 537 - 542. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. E. Stehbens, S. Kondo, and N. Hashimoto Apoptosis and Matrix Vesicles in the Genesis of Arterial Aneurysms of Cerebral Arteries • Response Stroke, July 1, 1998; 29(7): 1478 - 1480. [Full Text]

				A. Zanchi, N. Stergiopulos, H. R. Brunner, and D. Hayoz Differences in the Mechanical Properties of the Rat Carotid Artery In Vivo, In Situ, and In Vitro Hypertension, July 1, 1998; 32(1): 180 - 185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. D. Vaziri, Z. Ni, X. Q. Wang, F. Oveisi, and X. J. Zhou Downregulation of nitric oxide synthase in chronic renal insufficiency: role of excess PTH Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, April 1, 1998; 274(4): F642 - F649. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]