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(Hypertension. 2006;48:14.)
© 2006 American Heart Association, Inc.

Brief Reviews

Genetic Basis of Hypertension

Revisiting Angiotensinogen

From the Medical Scientist Training Program and Genetics Program (M.E.D.), Department of Internal Medicine (C.D.S.), and Department of Physiology and Biophysics (C.D.S.), Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Ia.

Correspondence to Curt D. Sigmund, Departments of Internal Medicine and Physiology and Biophysics, 3181B Medical Education and Biomedical Research Facility (MERF), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242. E-mail curt-sigmund@uiowa.edu

An extract of the first 250 words of the full text is provided, because this article has no abstract.

	Introduction

 
Hypertension is a common and complex human disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unfortunately, despite recent advances in understanding and treating hypertension, its prevalence continues to rise. Across the globe, &26% of the adult population experiences hypertension, and Kearney et al¹ estimate that this could rise to &29% by the year 2025. According to the American Heart Association, one third of the United States adult population is hypertensive, and one third of these remain undiagnosed. Hypertension is the most common risk factor for stroke and myocardial infarction and predisposes affected individuals to heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias, renal failure, blindness, and other serious medical problems, resulting in &22 000 deaths each year in the United States.

Essential hypertension accounts for &90% of hypertensive cases and is the 13th leading cause of death in the United States. Factors that may predispose a person to essential hypertension include weight, age, sex, ethnicity, physical activity, diet, cigarette smoke, stress, hormones, other medical conditions (eg, diabetes), and, of course, genetics. Indeed, studies of ambulatory blood pressure measurements in twins suggest that essential hypertension has a strong genetic component.² However, the fact that patients often differentially respond to diverse classes of antihypertensive medications indicates that the etiology of hypertension likely varies considerably among patients, especially when large populations are considered.³ Consequently, researchers must attempt to tease out what must be a dynamic interplay among heterogeneous genetic backgrounds, diverse environmental factors, and differential etiologies in the pathogenesis of this disorder, all of which make attempts . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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