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(Hypertension. 2008;52:e22.)
© 2008 American Heart Association, Inc.

Letters to the Editor

Delay in the Diagnosis of Conn’s Syndrome: A Single-Center Experience Over 30 Years

University Department of Medicine, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom

To the Editor:

The study reported by Rossi et al¹ addressed predictors of outcome in aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) patients postadrenalectomy. The time-dependent process of adverse vascular remodeling, determined by an increased media/lumen ratio of resistance arteries, was hypothesized to predict a poorer response to adrenalectomy. Indeed, the media/lumen ratio and the known duration of hypertension were significant predictors of response to adrenalectomy in APA patients who were categorized into cured, markedly improved, or mildly improved subgroups. In particular, the mean duration of hypertension in the 3 groups was 2.6±0.9, 8.0±1.3, and 17.3±5.0 years, respectively.

We encountered a patient who was referred to us for investigation of hypertension 15 years after first diagnosis.² We confirmed an APA, diameter 3.8 cm, possibly the largest APA in the English literature. We therefore investigated whether the duration of hypertension was related to tumor size, but we found no relationship. We investigated a total of 19 patients with APA and 10 patients with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA) from our center over the past 30 years. The Table shows the delay in referral from primary care to the hypertension clinic (delay 1), the delay in diagnosis of APA/IHA within the hypertension clinic (delay 2), and the total duration of hypertension to diagnosis of APA/IHA (total delay). We found that the duration of pre-existing hypertension to diagnosis in our APA patients was 8 years, which was very similar to the subgroup of APA patients reported by Rossi et al whom underwent adrenalectomy resulting in a markedly improved BP outcome. The diagnosis of APA was made within 1 year (0.8±0.3 years) of attending our hypertension clinic so most of the delay in diagnosis occurs within the primary care setting (7.2±1.6 years).

APA patients with an extensive history of preexisting hypertension are likely to have associated target organ damage in the kidney and vasculature, thus contributing to persistent hypertension despite successful adrenalectomy. Indeed, those APA patients reported by Rossi et al,¹ who were cured by adrenalectomy, had pre-existing hypertension for a mean duration of <3 years. Furthermore, Fukudome et al³ reported a mean duration of pre-existing hypertension of 6 years in their APA patients cured by adrenalectomy and 10 years in those who were not cured.

Primary hyperaldosteronism is the most common endocrine cause of hypertension. Our observations, along with those reported by Rossi et al,¹ emphasize that increased awareness is necessary by primary health care professionals to minimize the delay in diagnosis and achieve a prompt surgical cure.

	Acknowledgments

 
Disclosures

None.

	References

Top References

 
1. Rossi GP, Bolognesi M, Rizzoni D, Seccia TM, Piva A, Porteri E, Tiberio GA, Giulini SM, Agabiti-Rosei E, Pessina AC. Vascular remodeling and duration of hypertension predict outcome of adrenalectomy in primary aldosteronism patients. Hypertension. 2008; 51: 1366–1371.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

2. Felmeden DC, Gearty JG, Dawkins DM, Beevers G. Hypertension due to a giant aldosterone-secreting adenoma. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2001; 2: 43–44.[Free Full Text]

3. Fukudome Y, Fujii K, Arima H, Ohya Y, Tsuchihashi T, Abe I, Fujishima M. Discriminating factors for recurrent hypertension in patients with primary aldosteronism after adrenalectomy. Hypertens Res. 2002; 25: 11–18.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]

This article has been cited by other articles:

				G. P. Rossi and A. C. Pessina Response to Delay in the Diagnosis of Conn's Syndrome: A Single-Center Experience Over 30 Years Hypertension, September 1, 2008; 52(3): e23 - e23. [Full Text] [PDF]

This Article Extract Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 52/3/e22    most recent HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.117697v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Dhanjal, T. S. Articles by Beevers, D. G. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Dhanjal, T. S. Articles by Beevers, D. G. Pubmed/NCBI databases Medline Plus Health Information High Blood Pressure Related Collections Other hypertension Clinical Studies