Published online before print September 29, 2008, doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.120568
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(Hypertension. 2008;52:e132.)
© 2008 American Heart Association, Inc.
Letters to the Editor |
Spironolactone Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
aw Rutkowski
Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
Blood Brain Barrier and Neuro-Oncology Program, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Ore
ski
Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
Wo
niak
Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
aw Rutkowski
Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
In one of the latest issues of Hypertension, Michea et al1 reported that the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and oxidative stress of the heart in uremic rats. The results of our recent clinical study indicate that spironolactone acts to decrease the amount of oxidative stress in patients being treated for chronic kidney disease. In an open, randomized, crossover study, 16 white adult patients (10 men and 6 women; mean age: 41 years) with nondiabetic proteinuric chronic kidney disease were evaluated to test the hypothesis that spironolactone combined with standard nephroprotective therapy may act as a clinically beneficial antioxidant.
All of the study participants, during a preliminary period of 8 weeks, received the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor cilazapril (5 mg), angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker telmisartan (80 mg), and diuretic hydrochlorothiazide (12.5 mg), reducing the blood pressure to <130/80 mm Hg. The trial treatment was either based solely on the unchanged double blockade of the renin-angiotensin system or combined with 25 mg of spironolactone, thus providing triple renin-angiotensin system blockade during the first 2 months of the study, with the alternative being used for the next 2 months. A commercial ELISA kit (Cayman Chemical Co) was then used to measure the urinary excretion of 15-F2t-isoprostane, widely accepted as a reliable and sensitive marker of oxidative stress in the human body.2
It was found that spironolactone significantly reduced urinary levels of 15-F2t-isoprostane relative to the control group (ANOVA P=0.035; posthoc P=0.041), with no change observed in systemic blood pressure or serum creatinine levels (Table). This finding may be of clinical relevance, because 15-F2t-isoprostane isoprostane has biological activity as a potent renal vasoconstrictor3 and has been implicated as a causative mediator in hepatorenal syndrome.4
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Interestingly, Furumatsu et al5 recently observed a beneficial effect from the incorporation of spironolactone into a combined treatment regimen consisting of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker for use against chronic kidney disease; Furumatsu et al5 specifically noted improved intrarenal hemodynamics, as well as decreased proteinuria levels, in patients receiving spironolactone. Thus, taken together with the findings of previous studies, our results indicate that spironolactone may be a useful addition to standard nephroprotective therapy, playing a beneficial role as a clinically effective antioxidant.
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Acknowledgments |
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Source of Funding
The study was fully supported by Medical University of Gdansk via ST-U grant.
Disclosures
None.
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References |
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 Top References |
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1. Michea L, Villagrán A, Urzúa A, Kuntsmann S, Venegas P, Carrasco L, Gonzalez M, Marusic ET. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and prevents oxidative stress in uremic rats. Hypertension. 2008; 52: 1–6.
2. Fam SS, Morrow JD. The isoprostanes: unique products of arachidonic acid oxidation-a review. Curr Med Chem. 2003; 10: 1723–1740.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
3. Takahashi K, Nammour TM, Fukunaga M, Ebert J, Morrow JD, Roberts LJ, Hoover RL, Badr KF. Glomerular actions of a free radical-generated novel prostaglandin, 8-epi-prostaglandin F2 alpha, in the rat. Evidence for interaction with thromboxane A2 receptors. J Clin Invest. 1992; 90: 136–141.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
4. Morrow JD, Moore KP, Awad JA, Ravenscraft MD, Marini G, Badr KF, Williams R, Roberts LJ. Marked overproduction of non-cyclooxygenase derived prostanoids (F2-isoprostanes) in the hepatorenal syndrome. J Lipid Mediat. 1993; 6: 417–420.[Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
5. Furumatsu Y, Nagasawa Y, Tomida K, Mikami S, Kaneko T, Okada N, Tsubakihara Y, Imai E, Shoji T. Effect of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system triple blockade on non-diabetic renal disease: addition of an aldosterone blocker, spironolactone, to combination treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor blocker. Hypertens Res. 2008; 31: 59–67.[CrossRef][Medline] [Order article via Infotrieve]
This article has been cited by other articles:
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  L. Michea and E. T. Marusic Response to Spironolactone Attenuates Oxidative Stress in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Hypertension, November 1, 2008; 52(5): e134 - e134. [Full Text] [PDF]
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