on September 30, 2002
Published online before print September 30, 2002, doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000036396.64769.C2
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Submitted on May 15, 2002
From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: egashira{at}cardiol.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp.
Abstract—Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-
Revised on June 6, 2002
Antiinflammatory and Antiarteriosclerotic Effects of Pioglitazone
Minako Ishibashi;
(PPAR) ligands are widely used in patients with insulin resistance and diabetes. Because coronary artery disease is a major complication for such patients, it is important to determine the effects of PPAR activation on arteriosclerosis. Long-term inhibition of endothelial NO synthesis by administration of N
-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) to rats induces coronary vascular inflammation (monocyte infiltration, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1] expression) and subsequent arteriosclerosis. We examined the effects of pioglitazone (a PPAR ligand) in this rat model to determine whether PPAR activation with pioglitazone inhibits arteriosclerosis by its indirect effects on metabolic conditions or by direct effects on the cells participating to the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis. We found that pioglitazone did not affect metabolic states, systolic blood pressure, or serum NO levels, but did prevent the L-NAME-induced coronary inflammation and arteriosclerosis. Pioglitazone did not reduce local expression of MCP-1 but markedly attenuated increased expression of the MCP-1 receptor C-C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) in lesional and circulating monocytes. PPAR activation with pioglitazone prevented coronary arteriosclerosis, possibly by its antiinflammatory effects (downregulation of CCR2 in circulating monocytes). Inhibition of the CCR2-mediated inflammation may represent novel antiinflammatory actions of pioglitazone beyond improvement of metabolic state.
Key words: arteriosclerosis • leukocytes • nitric oxide • remodeling
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