Published Online
on January 5, 2004

A more recent version of this article appeared on February 1, 2004

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Submitted on September 30, 2003
Revised on November 5, 2003

Two Quantitative Trait Loci Affect ACE Activities in Mexican-Americans

Candace M. Kammerer^*; Nicolas Gouin; Paul B. Samollow; Jane F. VandeBerg; James E. Hixson; Shelley A. Cole; Jean W. MacCluer; and Larry D. Atwood

From the Graduate School of Public Health (C.M.K.), University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa; the Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research (N.G., P.B.S., J.F.V.d.B., S.A.C., J.W.M.), San Antonio, Tex; the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (J.E.H.); and Boston University School of Medicine (L.D.A.), Boston, Mass.

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ckammerer{at}hgen.pitt.edu.

Abstract--Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity is highly heritable and has been associated with cardiovascular disease. We are studying the effects of genes and environmental factors on hypertension and related phenotypes, such as ACE activity, in Mexican-American families. In the current study, we performed multipoint linkage analysis to search for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that affect ACE activities on data from 793 individuals from 29 pedigrees from the San Antonio Family Heart Study. As expected, we obtained strong evidence (maximum log of the odds [LOD]=4.57, genomic P=0.003) that a QTL for ACE activity is located on chromosome 17 near the ACE structural locus. We subsequently performed linkage analyses conditional on the effect of this QTL and obtained strong evidence (LOD=3.34) for a second QTL on chromosome 4 near D4S1548. We next incorporated the ACEIns/Del genotypes in our analyses and removed the evidence for the chromosome 17 QTL (maximum LOD=0.60); however, we retained our evidence for the QTL on chromosome 4q. We conclude that the QTL on chromosome 17 is tightly linked to ACE and is in strong disequilibrium with the insertion/deletion polymorphism, which is consistent with other reports. We also have evidence that an additional QTL affects ACE activity. Identification of this additional QTL might lead to alternate means of prophylaxis.

Key words: ethnic groups • blood pressure • genetics • hypertension, genetic

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