on March 15, 2004
Hypertension. 2004
Published online before print March 15, 2004, doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000124670.03674.15
Published online before print March 15, 2004, doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000124670.03674.15
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Submitted on June 23, 2003
From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson. * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jreckelhoff{at}physiology.umsmed.edu.
Abstract--Blood pressure increases in many women after menopause. Hypertension is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanisms responsible for the postmenopausal increase in blood pressure are yet to be elucidated. Various humoral systems have been proposed to play a role in postmenopausal hypertension, such as changes in estrogen/androgen ratios, increases in endothelin and oxidative stress, and activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). In addition, obesity, type II diabetes, and activation of the sympathetic nervous system are common in postmenopausal women and may also play important roles. However, progress in elucidating the mechanisms responsible for postmenopausal hypertension has been hampered by the lack of a suitable animal model. The aging female spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) exhibits many of the characteristics found in postmenopausal women. In this review, some of the possible mechanisms that could play a role in postmenopausal hypertension are discussed, as well as the characteristics of the aged female SHR as a model to study.
Revised on July 23, 2003
Novel Mechanisms Responsible for Postmenopausal Hypertension
Jane F. Reckelhoff* and Lourdes A. Fortepiani
Key words: endothelin • renin-angiotensin system • oxidative stress • obesity • diabetes mellitus • sympathetic nervous system
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