Published Online
on June 1, 2004

A more recent version of this article appeared on July 1, 2004

This Article Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 44/1/35    most recent 01.HYP.0000132767.74476.64v1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Gates, P. E. Articles by Seals, D. R. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Gates, P. E. Articles by Seals, D. R. Pubmed/NCBI databases Substance via MeSH Medline Plus Health Information Dietary Sodium High Blood Pressure Related Collections Restenosis Myocardial cardiomyopathy disease Clinical Studies Other Vascular biology

Submitted on February 13, 2004
Revised on February 28, 2004

Dietary Sodium Restriction Rapidly Improves Large Elastic Artery Compliance in Older Adults With Systolic Hypertension

Phillip E. Gates^*; Hirofumi Tanaka; William R. Hiatt; and Douglas R. Seals

From the Department of Integrative Physiology (P.E.G., H.T., D.R.S.), University of Colorado, Boulder; and the Department of Medicine (W.R.H., D.R.S.), Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver.

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: phillip.gates{at}colorado.edu.

Abstract--We determined the temporal effects of dietary sodium restriction on large elastic artery compliance and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in 12 untreated, older (64±2 years) men and women (6 each) with stage 1 systolic hypertension. After baseline measurements subjects were assigned to 4 weeks of low or normal sodium intake (randomized, crossover design). Urinary sodium excretion was reduced by 60% by the end of week 1 of sodium restriction (54±11 mmol/d, P<0.01) versus baseline (135±14). Compared with baseline (0.11±0.01 mm/mm Hg), carotid artery compliance was increased by 27% (to 0.14±0.02, P<0.05) at the end of week 1 of sodium restriction, attaining peak levels by week 2 (+46%, to 0.16±0.02, P<0.01). Similarly, supine resting brachial artery SBP was reduced by >5 mm Hg by week 1 of sodium restriction, attaining peak reductions by week 2 (-12 mm Hg, P<0.01 versus baseline). The 24-hour ambulatory SBP was 3 mm Hg lower at week 1 of sodium restriction and 6 mm Hg lower by week 2 (P<0.01 versus baseline). The reductions in resting SBP from baseline to week 2 of sodium restriction were strongly related to the corresponding increases in carotid compliance (r=0.80, P<0.01). Urinary sodium excretion, carotid artery compliance, and SBP were not different during normal sodium intake versus baseline. Other subject characteristics were not different across conditions. Sodium restriction rapidly improves large elastic artery compliance in older adults with stage 1 systolic hypertension. These improvements in central arterial compliance appear to be a key mechanism in the rapid normalization of SBP by sodium restriction in these patients.

Key words: sodium, dietary • aging • renin • angiotensin

This article has been cited by other articles:

				W.-Z. Ying, K. Aaron, and P. W. Sanders Mechanism of dietary salt-mediated increase in intravascular production of TGF-{beta}1 Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, August 1, 2008; 295(2): F406 - F414. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. E. Anderson, O. V. Fedorova, C. H. Morrell, D. L. Longo, V. A. Kashkin, J. D. Metzler, A. Y. Bagrov, and E. G. Lakatta Endogenous sodium pump inhibitors and age-associated increases in salt sensitivity of blood pressure in normotensives Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, April 1, 2008; 294(4): R1248 - R1254. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. W. Sanders Salt Sensitivity: It Is Not Always in the Genes Hypertension, April 1, 2008; 51(4): 823 - 824. [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. E. Gates, M. L. Boucher, A. E. Silver, K. D. Monahan, and D. R. Seals Impaired flow-mediated dilation with age is not explained by L-arginine bioavailability or endothelial asymmetric dimethylarginine protein expression J Appl Physiol, January 1, 2007; 102(1): 63 - 71. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B Jani and C Rajkumar Ageing and vascular ageing. Postgrad. Med. J., June 1, 2006; 82(968): 357 - 362. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Mersich, P. Studinger, Z. Lenard, K. Kadar, and M. Kollai Transposition of Great Arteries Is Associated With Increased Carotid Artery Stiffness Hypertension, June 1, 2006; 47(6): 1197 - 1202. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Oberleithner, C. Riethmuller, T. Ludwig, V. Shahin, C. Stock, A. Schwab, M. Hausberg, K. Kusche, and H. Schillers Differential action of steroid hormones on human endothelium. J. Cell Sci., May 1, 2006; 119(Pt 9): 1926 - 1932. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Varagic, E. D. Frohlich, J. Diez, D. Susic, J. Ahn, A. Gonzalez, and B. Lopez Myocardial fibrosis, impaired coronary hemodynamics, and biventricular dysfunction in salt-loaded SHR Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, April 1, 2006; 290(4): H1503 - H1509. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. J. He, N. D. Markandu, and G. A. MacGregor Modest Salt Reduction Lowers Blood Pressure in Isolated Systolic Hypertension and Combined Hypertension Hypertension, July 1, 2005; 46(1): 66 - 70. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. Mazzaro, S. J. Almasi, R. Shandas, D. R. Seals, and P. E. Gates Aortic Input Impedance Increases With Age in Healthy Men and Women Hypertension, June 1, 2005; 45(6): 1101 - 1106. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. J. Zieman, V. Melenovsky, and D. A. Kass Mechanisms, Pathophysiology, and Therapy of Arterial Stiffness Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., May 1, 2005; 25(5): 932 - 943. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Pepe and E. G. Lakatta Aging hearts and vessels: Masters of adaptation and survival Cardiovasc Res, May 1, 2005; 66(2): 190 - 193. [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. D. Neaton and L. H. Kuller Diuretics Are Color Blind JAMA, April 6, 2005; 293(13): 1663 - 1666. [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Meneton, X. Jeunemaitre, H. E. de Wardener, and G. A. Macgregor Links Between Dietary Salt Intake, Renal Salt Handling, Blood Pressure, and Cardiovascular Diseases Physiol Rev, April 1, 2005; 85(2): 679 - 715. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. H. Weinberger More on the Sodium Saga Hypertension, November 1, 2004; 44(5): 609 - 611. [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Mahmud and J. Feely Review: Arterial stiffness and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system Journal of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, September 1, 2004; 5(3): 102 - 108. [Abstract] [PDF]

				A. Y. Bagrov and E. G. Lakatta The Dietary Sodium-Blood Pressure Plot "Stiffens" Hypertension, July 1, 2004; 44(1): 22 - 24. [Full Text] [PDF]