Published Online
on September 27, 2004

A more recent version of this article appeared on November 1, 2004

This Article Full Text (PDF) All Versions of this Article: 44/5/708    most recent 01.HYP.0000143849.67254.cav1 Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Freeman, D. J. Articles by Greer, I. A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Freeman, D. J. Articles by Greer, I. A. Related Collections Other hypertension Clinical Studies

Submitted on May 14, 2004
Revised on June 8, 2004

Short- and Long-Term Changes in Plasma Inflammatory Markers Associated With Preeclampsia

Dilys J. Freeman^*; Frances McManus; Elizabeth Ann Brown; Lynne Cherry; John Norrie; Jane E. Ramsay; Peter Clark; Isobel D. Walker; Naveed Sattar; and Ian A. Greer

From the Division of Developmental Medicine (D.J.F., F.M., E.A.B., J.E.R., N.S., I.A.G.) and Department of Pathological Biochemistry (L.C., N.S.), University of Glasgow; Centre for Healthcare Randomised Trials (J.N.), Health Services Research Unit, Aberdeen University; Department of Transfusion Medicine (P.C.), Ninewells Hospital, Dundee; and Department of Haematology (I.D.W.), Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom.

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: d.freeman{at}clinmed.gla.ac.uk.

Abstract--Preeclampsia is characterized by hypertension, dyslipidemia, and increased systemic inflammatory response and has been associated with an increased maternal risk of cardiovascular disease later in life. Low-grade chronic inflammation is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study examined changes in inflammatory markers prospectively during pregnancy, the current inflammatory status of women who had a pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia 20 years previously against matched controls, and the association between inflammatory genes and risk of preeclampsia in a case (n=106) control (n=212) study. In control pregnancies (n=34), mean interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels increased 38% (P=0.012) and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) by 33% (P=0.024) between the first and third trimesters. The mean preeclampsia group IL-10 and TNF- rose by 43% (P=0.013 and P=0.0065, respectively) from the first to the third trimester. In women with preeclampsia only, plasma IL-6 increased from the first to the third trimester (1.66 [2.04] to 2.94 [2.47] pg/mL; P=0.0004). Twenty years after the index pregnancy, women who had had preeclampsia demonstrated significantly higher IL-6 to IL-10 ratio (3.96 [6.07] versus 2.12 [1.89]; P=0.034) compared with a healthy index pregnancy 20 years previously, that persisted after adjustment for smoking and current body mass index. The IL-1 (C-511T), IL-6 (G-174C), TNF- (G-308A), E-selectin (S128R), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (K469E), and C-reactive protein (C1059G) polymorphisms were not associated with risk of developing preeclampsia. In conclusion, preeclampsia is associated with short- and long-term changes in inflammatory status.

Key words: preeclampsia • polymorphism • cardiovascular diseases • inflammation

This article has been cited by other articles:

				D. D. Briana and A. Malamitsi-Puchner Reviews: Adipocytokines in Normal and Complicated Pregnancies Reproductive Sciences, October 1, 2009; 16(10): 921 - 937. [Abstract] [PDF]

				I. Craici, S. Wagner, and V. D. Garovic Review: Preeclampsia and future cardiovascular risk: formal risk factor or failed stress test? Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease, August 1, 2008; 2(4): 249 - 259. [Abstract] [PDF]

				C. J. Lockwood, C.-F. Yen, M. Basar, U. A. Kayisli, M. Martel, I. Buhimschi, C. Buhimschi, S. J. Huang, G. Krikun, and F. Schatz Preeclampsia-Related Inflammatory Cytokines Regulate Interleukin-6 Expression in Human Decidual Cells Am. J. Pathol., June 1, 2008; 172(6): 1571 - 1579. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. A. Hubel, R. W. Powers, S. Snaedal, H. S. Gammill, R. B. Ness, J. M. Roberts, and R. Arngrimsson C-Reactive Protein Is Elevated 30 Years After Eclamptic Pregnancy Hypertension, June 1, 2008; 51(6): 1499 - 1505. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. D. LaMarca, J. Gilbert, and J. P. Granger Recent Progress Toward the Understanding of the Pathophysiology of Hypertension During Preeclampsia Hypertension, April 1, 2008; 51(4): 982 - 988. [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Fasshauer, T. Waldeyer, J. Seeger, S. Schrey, T. Ebert, J. Kratzsch, U. Lossner, M. Bluher, M. Stumvoll, R. Faber, et al. Circulating high-molecular-weight adiponectin is upregulated in preeclampsia and is related to insulin sensitivity and renal function Eur. J. Endocrinol., February 1, 2008; 158(2): 197 - 201. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Girouard, Y. Giguere, J.-M. Moutquin, and J.-C. Forest Previous Hypertensive Disease of Pregnancy Is Associated With Alterations of Markers of Insulin Resistance Hypertension, May 1, 2007; 49(5): 1056 - 1062. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Kadereit, P. Fustier, K. Shojaati, B. M. Frey, F. J. Frey, and M. G. Mohaupt Extracellular ATP Determines 11{beta}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 Activity via Purinergic Receptors J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., December 1, 2005; 16(12): 3507 - 3516. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Saarela, M. Hiltunen, S. Helisalmi, S. Heinonen, and M. Laakso Tumour necrosis factor-{alpha} gene haplotype is associated with pre-eclampsia Mol. Hum. Reprod., June 1, 2005; 11(6): 437 - 440. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]