on October 11, 2004
Published online before print October 11, 2004, doi: 10.1161/01.HYP.0000145988.95551.28
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Submitted on June 8, 2004
From the Center for Clinical Pharmacology (R.K.D., B.I., C.Z.L., E.K.J.), Departments of Medicine (R.K.D., C.Z.L., E.K.J.) and Pharmacology (E.K.J.), University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa; University Hospital Zurich (R.K.D., B.I.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clinic for Endocrinology, Zurich, Switzerland. * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Raghvendra.dubey{at}usz.ch.
Abstract--Observational studies in humans and experimental studies in animals and isolated cells supported the widely held belief that hormone replacement therapy protects the cardiovascular system from disease. To nearly everyone’s astonishment, the Women’s Health Initiative Study and the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study overturned the conclusion that hormone replacement therapy protects the cardiovascular system and, in fact, supported the opposite view that such therapy may actually increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. This review addresses 2 questions: what went wrong and where do we go from here?
Revised on June 27, 2004
Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardiovascular Disease. What Went Wrong and Where Do We Go From Here?
Raghvendra K. Dubey*;
Key words: estrogen • hormones • cardiovascular diseases
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