Published Online
on February 7, 2005

A more recent version of this article appeared on April 1, 2005

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Submitted on October 12, 2004
Revised on November 8, 2004

Reduction of Gstm1 Expression in the Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertension Rat Contributes to Increased Oxidative Stress

Martin W. McBride; M. Julia Brosnan; Joanne Mathers; Lesley I. McLellan; William H. Miller; Delyth Graham; Neil Hanlon; Carlene A. Hamilton; James M. Polke; Wai K. Lee; and Anna F. Dominiczak^*

From the BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre (M.W.M., M.J.B., W.H.M., D.G., N.H., C.A.H., J.M.P., W.K.L., A.F.D.), Division of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom; and Biomedical Research Centre (J.M., L.I.M.), University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, United Kingdom.

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ad7e{at}clinmed.gla.ac.uk.

Abstract--Human essential hypertension is a classic example of a complex, multifactorial, polygenic disease with a substantial genetic influence in which the underlying genetic components remain unknown. The stroke-prone spontaneously hypertension rat (SHRSP) is a well-characterized experimental model for essential hypertension and endothelial dysfunction. Previous work, identified glutathione S-transferase µ type 1, a protein involved in detoxification of reactive oxygen species, as a positional and functional candidate gene. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed a highly significant, 4-fold reduction of glutathione S-transferase µ type 1 mRNA expression in 5- and 16-week-old SHRSP compared with the congenic and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats. This suggests that differential expression is not attributable to long-term changes in blood pressure. DNA sequencing identified one coding single nucleotide polymorphism (R202H) and multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter region. mRNA expression changes were reflected at the protein level, with significant reductions in the SHRSP glutathione S-transferase µ type 1. Protein was colocalized with aquaporin 2 to the principle cells of the renal collecting ducts. Coupled to significant increases in nitrotyrosine levels in the kidney, this suggests a pathophysiological role of this protein in hypertension and oxidative stress. Similar processes may underlie oxidative stress in the vasculature.

Key words: rats, stroke-prone SHR • hypertension, genetic • gene expression • oxidative stress

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