Published Online
on February 21, 2005

A more recent version of this article appeared on April 1, 2005

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Submitted on October 7, 2004
Revised on November 4, 2004

Cilostazol Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Growth by Downregulation of the Transcription Factor E2F

Mi-Jung Kim; Keun-Gyu Park; Kyeong-Min Lee; Hye-Soon Kim; So-Yeon Kim; Chun-Soo Kim; Sang-Lak Lee; Young-Chae Chang; Joong-Yeol Park; Ki-Up Lee; and In-Kyu Lee^*

From the Departments of Internal Medicine (M.-J.K., K.-G.P., K.-M.L., H.-S.K., I.-K.L.) and Institute for Medical Science, Physiology (S.-Y.K.), and Pediatrics (C.-S.K., S.-L.L.), Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu; Department of Pathology (Y.-C.C.), Catholic University of Daegu, School of Medicine, Daegu; and the Department of Internal Medicine (J.-Y.P., K.-I.U.), University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

^* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: inkyulee{at}dsmc.or.kr.

Abstract--Neointimal formation, the leading cause of restenosis, is caused by proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Patients with diabetes mellitus have higher restenosis rates after coronary angioplasty than nondiabetic patients. Cilostazol, a selective type 3 phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is currently used to treat patients with diabetic vascular complications. Cilostazol is a potent antiplatelet agent that inhibits VSMC proliferation. In the present study, we examine whether the antiproliferative effect of cilostazol on VSMCs is mediated by inhibition of an important cell cycle transcription factor, E2F. Cilostazol inhibited the proliferation of human VSMCs in response to high glucose in vitro and virtually abolished neointimal formation in rats subjected to carotid artery injury in vivo. Moreover, the compound suppressed high-glucose-induced E2F-DNA binding activity, and the expression of E2F1, E2F2, cyclin A, and PCNA proteins. These data suggest that the beneficial effects of cilostazol on high-glucose-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs are mediated by the downregulation of E2F activity and expression of its downstream target genes, including E2F1, E2F2, cyclin A, and PCNA.

Key words: diabetes mellitus • hyperplasia • vascular smooth muscle cells

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